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Breast cancer surgery is an important part of the treatment for breast cancer, and it is usually the first line of defence against the disease.
Breast cancer surgery has the aim of removing the entire tumour from the breast.
Some lymph nodes in the armpit and underarm regions (axillary nodes) may also be removed to check for cancer cells.
Breast cancer surgery options vary depending on a variety of circumstances, including the stage of the disease, the cancer's "personality," and the patient's long-term peace of mind.
The following are the various breast cancer surgeries.
Lumpectomy is a surgical procedure that removes only a part of the breast tissue.
This operation is usually performed on women who have small breasts or are in the early stages of breast cancer.
Mastectomy is a type of surgery that removes the cancerous part of the breast together with the healthy tissue around it.
However, lumpectomy is technically a type of partial mastectomy, as partial mastectomy removes more tissue than lumpectomy.
The entire breasts, as well as the nipples, areola, and sentinel lymph nodes, are removed during a total mastectomy. By opting for a total mastectomy, there are fewer chances of re-occurrence of cancer.
In its early stages, breast cancer may not cause any symptoms.
In many cases, a tumor may be too small to be felt, but an abnormality can still be seen on a mammogram.
The first sign of a tumour is usually a new lump in the breast that wasn't there before.
Not all lumps, however, are cancerous.
Symptoms vary depending on the type of breast cancer.
Although many of these symptoms are similar, some are distinct.
The following are symptoms of the most frequent breast cancers:
You will have a few meetings with your doctor before your surgery, and you will be asked to choose between a lumpectomy and a mastectomy, which is one of the most important decisions you will have to make in consultation with your doctor.
Your doctor will propose a few tests before surgery to assess your overall health and monitor the presence of cancer in your breasts.
Some of the most commonly used tests:
When the entire test is complete, your doctor will describe the procedure to you and mark the surgical region.
For a few hours before surgery, patients are not allowed to eat or drink.
During this time, smoking is also absolutely prohibited.
Giving the patient anaesthetic is the first step in breast cancer surgery, after which a team of surgical oncologists performs the procedure in a breast cancer hospital.
To avoid postoperative pain and nausea, the anesthesiologist will try to keep you comfortable and safe throughout your procedure.
After that, a pathologist studies the tissues extracted from the body and immediately informs your surgeon so that the tumour can be removed as efficiently as possible without the need for multiple surgeries.
Post surgery, the patient is given a number of pain relievers to assist her recover her strength and a rehabilitation therapist works with her to help her restore her strength.
Depending on the sort of surgery you had, you may have some drain tubes near the site that collect blood and fluids. The patient may need to stay in the hospital for 1 or 2 days after a lumpectomy, and the patient may need to stay an extra day or two after a mastectomy.
Your doctor will inform you of the risks and complications before the surgery so that you may make an informed decision.
The following are the risks associated with breast cancer surgery:
The occurrence of a breast wound infection that can be treated with antibiotics.
During anaesthesia, the patient may experience breathing difficulties as well as heart problems.
There are a few risks associated with breast reconstruction surgery, such as wound infection or flap failure.
There is a danger of significant bleeding if the procedure is significant.
Complications Following Surgery
Near the wound, Hematoma (an abnormal collection of blood outside the vessels) may occur, whereas Seroma (fluid accumulation in the wound area) may occur.
Due to the excision of lymph nodes, patients may have edoema in their arms.
In a few situations, there is a lot of bleeding after the surgery.