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Heart bypass surgery, commonly known as coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, is a procedure that replaces damaged arteries in the heart to enhance blood flow.
To bypass the damaged arteries, a cardiac surgeon uses blood vessels from another part of your body.
When the coronary arteries become blocked or damaged, heart bypass surgery is performed.
These arteries give oxygenated blood to your heart, and if they become clogged or blood flow is restricted, the heart will not function correctly, leading to heart failure.
In the following situations, a cardiologist will recommend open heart bypass surgery:
When an artery becomes blocked and cannot be treated with medicine or artery-opening treatments such as angioplasty.
If you've had a previous angioplasty that didn't work, surgery may be your only option.
A severe form of angina occurs when the heart muscles run out of oxygen even when doing nothing or when at rest.
Multiple arteries supplying blood to the heart have noticeable obstructions.
If your surgery isn't an emergency, you'll probably have multiple preoperative appointments with your doctor, during which you'll be asked about your health and family medical history.
A few tests will be recommended by your doctor in order for him or her to gain an accurate picture of your health.
These may include the following:
Depending on the severity of the cardiac blockages, bypass surgery might take anywhere from three to six hours to complete.
The procedure will be performed under general anaesthesia by a competent heart surgeon and his trusted team.
The treatment begins with a healthy artery or vein graft being removed from another section of the body.
The grafts are typically obtained from the leg (saphenous vein), the chest (also known as an internal mammary artery), or the arm (known as a radial artery).
Once the graft is ready, the surgeon will make an incision in the centre of the chest along the breastbone and gradually spread wide the rib cage to provide access to the heart.
The heart is stabilised with the help of a stabilisation device so that the surgeon can work on the required portion of the heart.
The graft is then linked on one end to the area just above the artery obstruction and on the other end to the area just below the artery blockage.
Normal blood flow returns to the area once the graft is successfully implanted over the blood vessel.
The heart continues to beat during the CABG operation, but the heart pauses temporarily during the CBP surgery. Consult your surgeons to learn about the benefits and drawbacks of both treatment options. The heart continues to beat during the CABG operation, but the heart pauses temporarily during the CBP surgery. Consult your surgeons to learn about the benefits and drawbacks of both treatment options.
You'll also be connected up to machines that will continuously monitor your vital signs, such as heart rate and blood pressure.
You'll have to spend a few days in the ICU before being transferred to a hospital room. You'll be there for roughly 3 to 5 days before being released from the hospital.
Your doctor will advise you to make some lifestyle modifications after coronary bypass surgery.
Following coronary bypass surgery, medications are usually provided to lower blood cholesterol, reduce the risk of blood clots, and help your heart operate as well as possible.
The risks and complications are mostly determined by your health prior to surgery, and the possibilities of complications are likely to be greater if the operation is an emergency treatment.
The following are some of the potential dangers: