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Epilepsy surgery is a neurosurgical procedure that involves either disconnecting or stimulating a region of the brain that causes seizures. The goal is to eliminate or significantly reduce the seizure burden. Focal epilepsy syndromes affect about 60% of persons with epilepsy. The situation is not properly controlled with anticonvulsive medications in 15% to 20% of these patients. Patients with this type of epilepsy may be candidates for surgical epilepsy treatment.
When a person begins to suffer seizures, epilepsy surgery is performed. Seizures vary so greatly that epilepsy specialists have to reclassify them regularly. Seizures can be classified into two categories: primary generalized seizures and partial seizures. We can tell the differences by how they begin. The first sign of a primary generalised seizure is a widespread electrical discharge that affects both sides of the brain at the same time. Partial seizures start with an electrical discharge in one partial area of the brain.
To avoid infection, your hair will need to be shaved above the part of your skull that will be removed during the operation. During the surgery, a little flexible tube will be inserted into a vein to supply fluids, anaesthetic medicines, or other treatments.
During the surgery, the patient's heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels will be monitored. During the operation, an EEG monitor will record the patient's brain waves to pinpoint the portion of the brain where the seizures begin. Epilepsy surgery is usually done under anaesthetic, and the patient will be completely unconscious throughout the procedure. In rare cases, the surgeon may choose to awaken the patient during a part of the operation to assist the team in determining which regions of the brain regulate language and movement. In such instances, the patient would be given pain relief medicine. Depending on the type of operation, the surgeon makes a quite little window in the skull. The window of bone is replaced and fastened to the remaining skull for cure after surgery.
As the patient awakens from anaesthesia, he or she will be placed in a special recovery area where they will be closely observed. The patient may need to stay in an intensive care unit for the first night after surgery. Most epilepsy procedures need a three- or four-day hospital stay.
The patient's head will be painful and swollen when they wake up. For at least the first several days, narcotics will be required to control the pain. An ice pack, applied to the patient's head may also be beneficial. For one to three months, the patient will most likely be unable to return to work or school. After epilepsy surgery, the patient should take a break and relax for the first several weeks before gradually increasing their activity level. As long as the surgery is conducted without problems such as a stroke or loss of speech, the patient is unlikely to require extensive rehabilitation.