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Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that can cause vision loss and blindness by damaging the nerve in the back of your eye called the optic nerve.
If glaucoma medicines and laser treatment haven’t helped to treat your glaucoma, your doctor may recommend surgery. Surgery can’t cure glaucoma or undo vision loss, but it can help protect your vision and stop it from getting worse.
There are a few different types of surgery for glaucoma that can help lower the pressure in your eye:
If you need glaucoma surgery in both eyes, your doctor will only do surgery on one eye at a time.
TrabeculectomyThis type of surgery is usually used to treat open-angle glaucoma. It’s done in a hospital and usually takes less than an hour.
The surgeon will create a tiny opening in the top of your eye, under your eyelid where no one will see it. This opening allows extra fluid in your eye to drain away, lowering pressure in your eye.
Usually, you’ll be awake during this surgery — but you’ll get numbing medicine and medicine to help you relax. You can usually go home the same day, but you’ll need someone to drive you home.
Glaucoma implant surgeryThis type of surgery is used to treat several types of glaucoma, including congenital glaucoma, neovascular glaucoma, and glaucoma caused by an injury. It’s done in a hospital and usually takes 1 to 2 hours.
In this operation, the surgeon implants a tiny tube, or shunt, onto the white of your eye. The tube helps extra fluid drain out of your eye, lowering your eye pressure.
Usually, you’ll be awake during this surgery — but you’ll get numbing medicine and medicine to help you relax. You can usually go home the same day, but you’ll need someone to drive you home.
Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS)If you have mild glaucoma, your doctor may recommend a new approach called minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS). This also lowers eye pressure but it’s safer and helps you recover faster.
There are different types of MIGS, so ask your eye doctor about whether MIGS may be an option for you.
Your doctor will prescribe eye drops to help prevent swelling and infections, and you’ll need to use them for several weeks. These eye drops are different from other glaucoma eye drops you may already use.
While you recover, you may need to avoid some activities for 2 to 4 weeks, like lifting anything heavy. You’ll also need check-ups with your doctor to make sure your eye is healing well.
For some people, the benefits of surgery last a long time. For others, the opening in the eye begins to close up and they need surgery again. You’ll need regular check-ups with your doctor to test your eye pressure. That way, your doctor will be able to act fast if you need more treatment.
Research shows that trabeculectomy lowers eye pressure in 6 to 8 out of 10 people who have it. It may work best in people who haven’t had eye surgery — like surgery for glaucoma, retina surgery, eye muscle surgery, or some types of cataract surgery — or eye trauma.
Side effects of surgery for glaucoma?Glaucoma surgery can have side effect s, just like any operation. For example, your eye may be swollen and sore for a while.
Other possible risks include: