Ciwon Cutar Cancer

Ciwon daji na huhu na iya yuwuwa yaduwa daga wasu gabobin. Metastases shine kalmar da ake amfani da ita lokacin da kwayoyin cutar kansa ke yaduwa daga wata gabo zuwa wata.

Nau'in Ciwon daji na Huhu

Ciwon daji na huhu cuta ce mai rikitarwa tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan da kuma nau'in cutar kansa. Fahimtar waɗannan nau'ikan yana da mahimmanci don ganewar asali da keɓaɓɓen maganin kansar huhu. Ga nau'ikan ciwon daji na huhu na farko guda shida:

1. Ciwon Huhu Mara Karami (NSCLC):

   • NSCLC shine nau'i na yau da kullun, yana lissafin kusan kashi 85% na duk cututtukan daji na huhu. An kuma raba shi zuwa nau'i-nau'i:
     • adenocarcinoma: Sau da yawa ana samun su a cikin ɓangaren huhu kuma ana yawan gani a cikin masu shan taba.
     • Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Yawanci ana samun su a cikin manyan hanyoyin iska kuma galibi ana danganta su da tarihin shan taba.
     • Carcinoma babba (Ba a bambanta ba): Karamin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i) zai iya faruwa a kowane bangare na huhu.

2. Kananan Ciwon Huhu (SCLC):

   • SCLC wani nau'in ciwon huhu ne mai saurin girma kuma mai saurin yaduwa wanda ke kan yaduwa da wuri zuwa wasu sassan jiki. Yana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da shan taba. SCLC tana da kusan kashi 10-15% na duk cututtukan daji na huhu. Yana da yawa a cikin maza fiye da mata, kuma an fi gano shi a cikin mutanen da suka wuce shekaru 50 don maganin ciwon daji na huhu.

3. Ciwon daji na Carcinoid:

   • Ciwon daji na Carcinoid wani nau'i ne da ba kasafai ba ciwon daji wanda zai iya tasowa a wurare da yawa a cikin jikinka. Ciwon daji na Carcinoid, wanda shine kashi ɗaya na ciwace-ciwacen da ake kira neuroendocrine ciwace-ciwacen daji, yawanci suna farawa a cikin tsarin narkewa. (ciki, appendix, ƙananan hanji, hanji, dubura) ko a cikin huhu. Ciwon daji na Carcinoid suna girma a hankali, amma suna iya yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan jiki, kamar hanta, ƙasusuwa, da kwakwalwa. Ciwon daji na Carcinoid kuma na iya samar da hormones, wanda zai iya haifar da alamu iri-iri, ciki har da flushing, gudawa, hunhu, da matsalolin zuciya.

4. Sarcomatoid Carcinoma na huhu:

   • Sarcomatoid carcinoma na huhu (PSC) wani nau'in ciwon huhu ne da ba kasafai ba. Yana da ƙasa da 1% na duk cututtukan daji na huhu kuma ya fi kowa a cikin maza da masu shan taba. PSC yana da alaƙa da kasancewar duka carcinomatus da abubuwan sarcomatous a cikin ƙari.

5. Lung Adenocarcinoma A Situ (AIS):

   • AIS wani nau'i ne na kansar huhu da wuri kuma mara cutarwa, galibi ana gano shi ta hanyar kwatsam akan CT scan don maganin kansar huhu.

     Huhu adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) wani precancer ne yanayin da ke shafar sel na rufin huhu. Adenocarcinoma shine nau'in ciwon huhu da aka fi sani da shi, kuma AIS shine matakin farko na wannan ciwon daji.

     Kwayoyin AIS ba su da kyau a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa, amma har yanzu ba su yada cikin nama da ke kewaye ba ko zuwa wasu sassan jiki. Wannan yana nufin har yanzu AIS bai zama kansa ba, amma yana iya zama kansa idan ba a kula da shi ba.

6. Lung Lymphoepithelium-Kamar Carcinoma (LELC):

   • LELC wani nau'i ne da ba kasafai ake danganta shi da kamuwa da cutar Epstein-Barr (EBV). Lung lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) wani nau'in ciwon daji ne na huhu wanda ba kasafai ba ne kuma mai tsanani wanda aka kwatanta da kasancewar kwayoyin epithelial da lymphoid a cikin ƙari. Ya fi kowa a cikin matasa, mutanen Asiya marasa shan taba kuma galibi ana danganta su da kamuwa da cutar Epstein-Barr (EBV).

Alamomin Ciwon huhu

Ciwon daji na huhu, ko ciwon daji na huhu mara ƙananan ƙwayar cuta (NSCLC) ko ƙananan ciwon huhu (SCLC), sau da yawa yana nuna alamun bayyanar cututtuka, ko da yake ba za a iya gane su ba har sai cutar ta ci gaba. Gane waɗannan alamun yana da mahimmanci don ganowa da wuri da magani akan lokaci. Ga alamomi guda shida na cutar kansar huhu:

1. Ciwon Ciki Mai Ciki: Tari mai tsayi yana daya daga cikin alamun bayyanar cututtuka Maganin ciwon huhu. Yana iya haifar da gamsai ko jini kuma sau da yawa yakan yi ta'azzara akan lokaci. Tari da ke dadewa na tsawon makonni, musamman a cikin masu shan taba ko waɗanda ke da haɗarin haɗari, yakamata a kimanta.

2. Karancin Numfashi: Ciwon daji na huhu na iya toshe hanyoyin iska ko haifar da tarin ruwa, yana haifar da ƙarancin numfashi, koda da ƙarancin motsa jiki. Yayin da ƙari ke girma ko yaduwa, matsalolin numfashi suna ƙara bayyana.

3. Painara zafi: Ciwon ƙirji mai dawwama, na iya zama alamar ciwon huhu. Yana iya yin muni da tari, dariya, ko numfashi mai zurfi kuma yana iya nuna kusancin ƙwayar cuta zuwa bangon ƙirji ko jijiyoyi.

4. Rage Nauyin da Ba a Fahimci ba: Mahimmanci kuma maras nauyi asara yawanci ana danganta shi da ci-gaban ciwon huhu. Kwayoyin ciwon daji na iya cinye makamashi kuma suna haifar da asarar tsoka da asarar nauyi. Wannan wata alama ce da bai kamata a yi watsi da ita ba, musamman a gaban sauran alamun.

5. Haushi da Haushi: Canje-canje a cikin murya, kamar suruwan dagewa, ko haɓakar hushin da baya warwarewa, na iya nuna toshewar hanyar iska ta hanyar ƙwayar huhu.

Dalilan Cutar Cancer

Ciwon daji na huhu yana faruwa ne da farko ta hanyar kamuwa da cutar carcinogens, tare da hayaƙin taba shine mafi mahimmancin gudummawa. Fahimtar abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon huhu na huhu yana da mahimmanci don rigakafi da rage haɗari.

1. Shan taba: Shan taba sigari shine babban dalilin cutar kansar huhu, wanda ke da alhakin kusan kashi 85% na duk lokuta. Hayakin taba ya ƙunshi sama da sinadarai 7,000, tare da aƙalla 250 da aka sani da cutarwa, kuma sama da 60 da aka gano a matsayin carcinogens. Yana lalata ƙwayoyin huhu da DNA, wanda ke haifar da haɓakar ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.

2. Shan taba Fuskantar hayaki na hannu, wanda kuma aka sani da shan taba, yana iya ƙara haɗarin cutar kansar huhu, musamman ga waɗanda ba sa shan taba waɗanda ke zaune tare ko kuma suke kusa da masu shan sigari akai-akai.

3. Radon Gas: Radon iskar gas ce ta dabi'a wacce ke iya shiga gidaje da gine-gine. Tsawaita tsayin daka ga manyan matakan iskar radon babban haɗari ne ga cutar kansar huhu, musamman a wuraren da ke da yawan radon.

4. Bayyanar Sana'a da Muhalli: Bayyanar asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, da sauran abubuwa masu haɗari daban-daban a wuraren aiki ko mahalli na iya haɓaka haɗarin kamuwa da cuta. Maganin ciwon huhu. Wadannan filaye sun fi zama ruwan dare a wasu masana'antu kamar hakar ma'adinai, gine-gine, da masana'antu.

5. Gurbacewar iska: Bayyanar dogon lokaci zuwa manyan matakan gurɓatawar iska, gami da kyawawan ƙwayoyin cuta (PM2.5) da hayaƙin masana'antu daban-daban, na iya ba da gudummawa ga haɗarin cutar kansar huhu, kodayake haɗarin gabaɗaya yana ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da sauran abubuwan kamar shan taba.

Ganewar Cutar Ciwon Huhu

Gano ciwon daji na huhu ya ƙunshi jerin gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da kasancewar ƙwayoyin cutar kansa da sanin girman cutar. Anan daki-daki, tsari na yau da kullun don ganewar asali: 

1. Gwajin Hoto na Farko:

• X-ray na kirji: Yawancin mataki na farko da ke nuna shaidar canjin huhu, amma ba za a iya danganta shi kai tsaye da kansar huhu ba. 

• CT Scan (Lissafi Tomography): Zai iya nuna cikakkun hotuna na huhu, waɗanda wataƙila za su nuna ƙananan ciwace-ciwace fiye da hasarar X-ray.

• PET-CT Scan (Lissafta Tomography-Positron Emission Tomography): Wannan zai nuna wuraren da akwai wuraren ƙara yawan ayyukan rayuwa, wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen ganin ciwon daji ya yadu. 

2. Biopsy: Don samun cikakkiyar ganewar asali daga gwajin biopsy a ƙarƙashin na'urar microscope ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na shirye-shiryen samfurin. 

• Bronchoscopy: Anan, bututu mai kyamara yana bi ta baki ko hanci zuwa cikin huhu don ganin hanyoyin iska da samun samfuran nama. 

• Kwayoyin cuta na allura: Wannan allura ce da ke bi ta bangon kirji zuwa cikin huhu don tattara nama, yawanci ana yin ta tare da jagorar sikanin CT. 

• Biopsy na tiyata: Biopsy ta amfani da nau'ikan tiyata kamar thoracoscopy ko mediastinoscopy, ana iya buƙatar ɗaukar samfur. 

• Sputum Cytology: Za a yi gwajin tofi daga huhu don ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. 

3. Ƙarin Gwaji:

• Gwajin Jini: Wannan zai duba lafiyar gabaɗaya kuma zai bayyana wasu ƙananan rashin daidaituwa. 

• Gwajin Kwayoyin Halitta: Zai iya gano maye gurbi na kwayoyin halitta a cikin ciwon huhu, wanda zai jagoranci jiyya don ciwon huhu. 

• Shirye-shirye: Wannan ya haɗa da gwaje-gwaje don duba yaduwar cutar kansa ta amfani da CT, PET, kashi, da MRI scans. 

Tsarin Ciwon Cutar Huhu

Jiyya na ciwon huhu shine muhimmin abu don samun damar samun bayanai kan yadawa da jagorar zaɓuɓɓukan magani da kuma tsinkayar tsinkaya. Ciwon daji na huhu da aka rarraba yana ƙarƙashin tsarin TNM: Tumor (T), Nodes (N), da Metastasis (M). Anan ga taƙaitaccen tsarin ciwon huhu:   

• Mataki na 0 (Cancinoma a wurin): Neoplasm yana cikin rufin hanyar iska ba tare da wani zurfin mamayewa ba.

• Mataki na: Tumor ya keɓe ga huhu kuma har yanzu bai bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph na kusa ba.

• Mataki na II: Yana haɓaka zuwa nodes na lymph na kusa ko bangon ƙirji, ko kuma yana ƙaruwa da girma.

• Mataki na III: Ciwon daji a cikin nodes na lymph na kirji (mediastinum), wanda aka rarraba zuwa IIIA, IIIB, da IIIC.

• Mataki na IV: Ya yadu zuwa gabobin jiki daban-daban, misali, kwakwalwa, kasusuwa, ko hanta. 

Masu samarwa suna rarraba ƙananan ciwon huhu a cikin matakai daga I zuwa IV, wanda aka sani da iyaka ko babba, bisa ga yadda za a iya magance shi tare da radiation. 

• Matsayi mai iyaka: An keɓe shi ga huhu ɗaya da kuma ƙwayoyin lymph maƙwabta.

• Faɗakarwa Mataki: Masu ɗaukarsa suna cikin wasu huhu, nodes masu nisa, ko gabobin jiki.

Abubuwan Haɗarin Ciwon Kansa na Huhu

Abubuwa daban-daban na iya haifar da haɗarin kansar huhu. Wasu dalilai suna ƙara haɗari kamar shan taba, yayin da ciwon daji kuma na iya faruwa ba tare da waɗannan abubuwan ba.

• Shan taba: Shan taba shine mafi mahimmancin dalilin cutar kansar huhu, tare da haɗarin haɓaka tare da adadin sigari, shekaru na shan taba, da sigari ko shan taba.

• Radon Gas: Radon iskar gas ce mai radiyo da ake samu a cikin gidaje, kuma yana da matukar hatsarin kamuwa da cutar kansa. 

• Asbestos: Fitar da asbestos a wurin aiki yana kara yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar kansar huhu musamman lokacin da mutum yake shan taba. 

• Bayyanar Ayyuka: Bayyanawa a wurin aiki ga ƙwayoyin cuta kamar arsenic da chromium sun ƙara haɗarin. 

• Gurbacewar iska: Ƙaruwa kaɗan a cikin haɗarin ciwon huhu na huhu tare da ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo ga gurɓataccen iska. 

• Tarihin Iyali: Tarihin iyali na ciwon huhu na huhu na iya ba da shawarar tsinkayar kwayoyin halitta. 

• Maganin Radiation: Kafin bayyanar radiation a yankin ƙirji na iya haifar da haɗarin ciwon huhu. 

• Ciwon Huhu Na Baya: Wasu cututtukan huhu, kamar fibrosis na huhu, na iya haifar da ƙarin haɗari. 

• Abubuwan Abinci: Abubuwan abinci da abubuwan da ake amfani da su na beta-carotene na iya yin tasiri ga haɗarin cutar kansar huhu. 

Matsalolin Cancer na huhu

Akwai matsaloli da yawa da suka shafi cutar kansar huhu. Waɗanda suke yin tunani ko dai suna yin la'akari da ƙari ko kuma a wani lokaci akan wasu sassan jiki kuma. Ga wasu daga cikin mafi yawansu:  

• Rashin numfashi (dyspnea): Toshe hanyar iska ko tarin ruwa a kusa da huhu.

• Hemoptysis: Yana haifar da zub da jini a cikin hanyoyin iska sannan daga baya tari jini. 

• Zubar da jini: Wannan yana nufin tarin ruwa a sarari tsakanin huhu da bangon kirji.  

• Namoniya: Cututtuka a cikin huhu kamar ciwon huhu yana ƙaruwa. 

• Toshewar hanyar iska: Ciwon daji na iya girma ta hanyar da za su toshe hanyoyin iska, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin numfashi da rugujewar huhu.  

• Ciwon kashi: Ciwon daji na huhu yana kula da metastasize zuwa kashi, yana haifar da ciwo mai yawa.  

• Brain, hanta, da kashin baya metastases: Idan ciwon daji ya yadu zuwa ga waɗannan gabobin, zai iya haifar da raunin jijiya, gazawar hanta, da matsewar kashin baya.  

• Babban ciwo na vena cava (SVCS): Toshewar jijiya ta hanyar kumburi yana haifar da kumburin fuska, wuya, da hannu. 

• Paraneoplastic syndromes: Abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙari wanda ke shafar tsarin jiki daban-daban. 

• Sauran Matsalolin: Ciwon Tumor, asarar nauyi, asarar ci, da yiwuwar gudan jini.

rigakafin

Hana ciwon huhu na huhu yana nufin iyakance fallasa ga takamaiman abubuwan haɗari da kafa halaye masu kyau na rayuwa. Mai zuwa shine taƙaitaccen hanyoyin dabarun rigakafin za su yi tasiri: 

• Kar a sha taba. Kada ku taɓa farawa kuma ku guji fallasa zuwa hayaƙi na hannu don rage haɗarin ku. 

• Barin shan taba yana rage haɗarin ku sosai, koda kun sha taba shekaru da yawa. 

• Gwada gidan ku don radon, musamman idan kuna zaune a yankin da ke cikin haɗari. Tsarin raguwa shine amsar idan an sami matakan radon suna da girma.

• Bi matakan tsaro lokacin aiki tare da sanannun ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma koyaushe sanya kayan kariya. 

• Rage bayyanar da gurɓataccen iska ta hanyar duba ingancin iska da guje wa ayyukan waje a ranakun da ƙazanta ke da yawa.

• Kawai yi aiki don lafiya mai kyau. 

• Ya kamata mutane masu haɗari su yi la'akari da gwajin cutar kansar huhu.

• Ku ci 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari masu yawa don ƙara kyau.

Maganin ciwon huhu cuta ce mai ƙalubalen da ke buƙatar cikakkiyar tsari kuma sau da yawa tsarin kulawa da yawa. Zaɓin magani ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa, ciki har da nau'in ciwon huhu na huhu, matakinsa, lafiyar majiyyaci gabaɗaya, da manufofinsu na jiyya. Anan ga zurfin duba hanyoyin magance cutar kansar huhu:

1. Tiyata:

   • Lobectomy: Wannan ita ce hanyar fiɗa da aka fi sani, inda aka cire lobe ɗaya na huhu. Ana yin shi sau da yawa lokacin da ciwon daji ya keɓe zuwa lobe ɗaya na huhu.
   • Pneumonectomy: A lokuta inda aka sami ciwon daji a cikin babban ƙwayar cuta ko kuma ya yadu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph, ana iya buƙatar cire dukan huhu.
   • Segmentectomy ko Sashin Wuta: Ana la'akari da waɗannan a cikin takamaiman lokuta, kamar lokacin da majiyyaci yana da iyakacin aikin huhu ko wasu al'amurran kiwon lafiya waɗanda ke sa manyan fiɗa da haɗari.

2. Maganin Radiation:

   • Maganin Radiation yana amfani da haskoki na X-ray mai ƙarfi don kai hari da lalata ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Ana iya amfani da shi azaman firamare Maganin ciwon huhu don ciwon daji na huhu na farko, azaman maganin adjuvant bayan tiyata, ko don dalilai na kwantar da hankali don rage bayyanar cututtuka da inganta rayuwar majiyyaci.

3. Chemotherapy:

   • Chemotherapy yana amfani da kwayoyi don kashe ko rage ci gaban ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Ana iya gudanar da shi kafin tiyata don rage ciwace-ciwacen daji, bayan tiyata don kai hari ga sauran ƙwayoyin cutar kansa, ko azaman jiyya na farko don lokuta masu tasowa. Ƙayyadaddun tsarin chemotherapy ya dogara da nau'i da mataki na ciwon huhu.

4. Maganin Niyya:

   • Magungunan jiyya da aka yi niyya suna mayar da hankali kan takamaiman maye gurbi ko sunadarai a cikin ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Ana amfani da su sau da yawa a lokuta na ci-gaban ciwon huhu mara ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (NSCLC) lokacin da daidaitaccen chemotherapy ba shi da tasiri.

5. Immunotherapy:

   • Immunotherapy yana tasowa Maganin ciwon huhu wanda ke motsa garkuwar jiki don ganowa da kuma kai hari ga kwayoyin cutar kansa. Ya nuna sakamako mai ban sha'awa a wasu lokuta na ci-gaba da ciwon huhu, musamman NSCLC.

6. Haɗin Magunguna:

   • A wasu lokuta, haɗuwa da Maganin Cancer na huhu na iya a yi amfani. Alal misali, ana iya amfani da chemotherapy da radiation far (chemoradiotherapy) don ciwon daji na huhu na gida.

7. Kulawa da Lafiya:

   • Kulawa da jin daɗi yana mai da hankali kan kawar da alamun bayyanar cututtuka da haɓaka ingancin rayuwa ga marasa lafiya, musamman waɗanda ke da ci gaba ko haɓaka. Maganin ciwon huhu. Yana magance kula da ciwo, goyon bayan motsin rai, da kuma kula da alamu.