Hematology

Hematology fanni ne daban-daban tare da fannoni daban-daban, kowanne yana mai da hankali kan takamaiman abubuwan da suka shafi jini da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da jini.

Wasu sanannun nau'ikan ilimin halittar jini sun haɗa da:

1. Hematopathology: Masanan ilimin halittar jini sun kware wajen nazarin samfuran jini da kasusuwan kasusuwa, gano cututtuka irin su cutar sankarar bargo, lymphoma, da kuma myelodysplastic syndromes ta hanyar cikakken nazarin kwayoyin jini da kyallen takarda.

2. Coagulation da Thrombosis: Masanan ilimin halittar jini tare da gwaninta a cikin coagulation da thrombosis suna nazarin hanyoyin zubar jini. Suna bincikar cututtuka da sarrafa cututtuka irin su hemophilia, thrombosis mai zurfi, da thrombophilia.

3. Maganin juyewa: Wannan reshe yana magana ne game da ƙarin jini, yana tabbatar da aminci da ingancin samfuran jini ga marasa lafiya. Ya ƙunshi banki na jini, gwajin dacewa, da sarrafa halayen jini.

4. Haemoglobinopathies: Kwararru a cikin cututtukan haemoglobinopathies suna mayar da hankali kan yanayin kwayoyin halitta kamar sikila da anemia da thalassaemia, wanda ke shafar tsari da aikin haemoglobin, sunadaran da ke cikin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini.

5. Ilimin Jiyya na Yara: Likitocin jinin yara suna kula da cututtukan jini a cikin yara, gami da yanayi kamar cutar sankarar yara, anemia, da rikicewar jini.

6. Canji: Wannan yanki ya ƙunshi dashen kasusuwan kasusuwa ko ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta don magance yanayi kamar cutar sankarar bargo, lymphoma, da wasu cututtukan jini na kwayoyin halitta.

7. Hemostasis da thrombosis: Kwararrun Hemostasis suna nazarin ma'auni tsakanin ɗimbin jini da zub da jini, sarrafa yanayi kamar cututtukan jini (misali, cutar von Willebrand) da kuma cututtukan thrombotic (misali, thrombosis mai zurfi).

8. Benign Hematology: Wannan babban filin yana mai da hankali kan cututtukan jini marasa cutar kansa, irin su anemia rashi na baƙin ƙarfe, thrombocytopenia na rigakafi, da anemia na hemolytic autoimmune.

Hanyoyin jiyya na jini sun ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i iri-iri da nufin gudanar da cututtuka daban-daban da suka shafi jini. Hanya ta musamman ta dogara da nau'i da tsananin yanayin.

Anan akwai bayyani kan hanyoyin gama gari da ke tattare da jiyya na jini:

1. Gudanar da Magunguna: Yawancin cututtukan jini ana magance su da magunguna. Alal misali, anemias da ke haifar da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki na iya buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfe, yayin da za a iya sarrafa rashin lafiyar jini tare da maganin rigakafi. Magungunan zubar jini na iya taimakawa hana samuwar gudan jini a cikin yanayi kamar thrombosis mai zurfi.

2. Karin Jini: Zubar da jini ya ƙunshi sarrafa jini ko samfuran jini, irin su jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, platelets, ko plasma, don gyara kasawa ko magance rashin lafiya mai tsanani, rashin zubar jini, ko yanayin da kasusuwan kasusuwa ba ya aiki yadda ya kamata.

3. jiyyar cutar sankara: Ga marasa lafiya da ciwon jini kamar cutar sankarar bargo, lymphoma, da mahara myeloma, chemotherapy yakan zama dole. Waɗannan magungunan suna yin hari kuma suna kashe ƙwayoyin jini masu cutar kansa, waɗanda za a iya ba da su ta baki, ta cikin jijiya, ko kai tsaye cikin ruwan kashin baya.

4. Dasa Marrow Kashi (BMT): BMT hanya ce da ake maye gurbin kasusuwan kasusuwa marasa lafiya da lafiyayyen kwayoyin halitta. An fi amfani da shi don yanayi kamar cutar sankarar bargo da aplastic anemia. Akwai nau'ikan farko guda biyu: autologous (amfani da ƙwayoyin marasa lafiya) da allogeneic (amfani da sel masu bayarwa).

5. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT): HSCT wani nau'i ne na musamman na ƙwayar kasusuwa wanda ya haɗa da dashen kwayoyin halitta na hematopoietic don sake kafa jini mai aiki da tsarin rigakafi. Ana amfani da shi don yanayi daban-daban, gami da cututtukan hematological da wasu cututtuka na rigakafi.