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A treatment to repair or replace heart valves that aren't working properly is known as heart valve surgery.
A blood flow obstruction in the body can occur as a result of the heart valves' atypical functioning, which can be fatal to the patient.
At least one of the four heart valves in a person with heart valve disease keeps blood flowing in the right way through a heart that isn't working properly.
The mitral valve, tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, and aortic valve are the four valves that make up the heart.
Leaflets for the mitral and tricuspid valves, and cusps for the aortic and pulmonary valves, are flaps on each of these valves.
During e, these flaps open and close once.
If the patient has any heart problems, they should see a cardiac doctor as soon as possible so that the particular heart illness may be diagnosed.
The following are some of the most common symptoms of heart valve failure:
Insufficiency of the heart
Endocarditis is an infection that can harm the heart valves.
Chest discomfort that is severe (clinically known as angina) Shortness of breath on a regular basis Loss of consciousness for a short period of time (also known as syncope)
Patients who have had this operation before may experience valve malfunctions as a result of blood clots, bleeding, infection, or other health complications.
The doctor may have to re-operate in such circumstances.
Before the actual operation to repair or replace your heart valve, your doctor and treatment team will go over what to expect before, during, and after the procedure, as well as any potential dangers.
They'll go over any worries you have regarding your heart valve surgery with you.
You can also share any concerns you have regarding the operation with your doctor and treatment team.
In addition, the patient will need to shave the area of the body where the treatment will take place.
If the patient is pregnant, she must inform the doctor as soon as possible.
Patients using medications that may affect blood clotting following surgery may need to change their prescriptions for a period of time.
Patients should advise their doctor if they are allergic to any drugs or anaesthetic agents.
If you're a habitual smoker, your doctor will also ask you to stop smoking at least a week before the surgery.
An experienced cardiac surgeon usually performs heart valve repair surgery under general anaesthesia.
The steps of the surgery are as follows:
Your surgeon will first create an incision in the chest, separating the breastbone (sternum) into two parts and exposing the heart.
Surgeons may also do minimally invasive heart surgery in some cases, which uses smaller incisions than traditional open-heart surgery.
The surgeon then puts the tube into the patient's heart to use a cardiopulmonary bypass machine to circulate blood.
After the blood is channelled into the machine, a cold solution is injected into the heart, and the valve is replaced.
If the valve has to be repaired, the surgeon will trim, reshape, or reconstruct it, depending on the condition.
In some situations, the surgeon may additionally do a Ring Annuloplasty, which involves repairing the ring-like portion of the valve.
The surgeon uses electric shock paddles to restart the heart once the valve replacement or repair is completed.
Normally, it takes two days after surgery to be released from the intensive care unit (ICU).
The patient is then given intravenous (IV) lines to receive fluids, nourishment, and medications, as well as a few additional tubes to drain urine from the bladder and fluid and blood from the heart and chest.
Once the patient's heart has stabilised, he or she is moved to a room where doctors and nurses monitor the patient's progress.
The patient's overall recovery time is mostly determined by his or her health prior to surgery and age.
Because heart surgery takes a long time to heal, the patient must follow the surgeon's instructions until he is completely recovered.
The patient can return to their normal routine after a few months, but they must be cautious of infections and overstressing in order to avoid a relapse in the surgical operation.
Any type of cardiac surgery is not simple; it is considered one of the most difficult and delicate surgeries in our bodies, and as a result, it has a number of dangers and consequences.
You will be informed about the surgery's risks and complications in advance to help you make an informed decision.
The following are some of the most common complications:
The following are some of the potential hazards and complications:
A stroke, a traumatic brain damage, or a temporary or permanent brain injury To avoid infections after heart valve surgery, it is essential that you follow all of the instructions, be exceedingly cautious after the surgery, and take all essential precautions.
Speak with your doctor about antibiotics if you plan on having dental surgery or any other invasive treatments after your open heart surgery.