Kardiologija

Cardiology treatment refers to the medical and surgical management of heart-related diseases and conditions. These may include coronary artery disease, congenital heart defects, heart rhythm disorders, valve diseases, and heart failure. In India, cardiology treatment ranges from lifestyle management and medications to advanced procedures like angioplasty, bypass surgery, pacemaker implantation, and heart transplants.

Cardiologists in India use cutting-edge technology, including robotic surgery and minimally invasive techniques, to treat heart conditions with high precision and minimal recovery time.

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O kardiološkom liječenju

Who Needs Cardiology Treatment?

Anyone experiencing heart-related symptoms or conditions may require cardiology treatment. You should consult a heart specialist if you have:

Trajna bol ili nelagoda u prsima
Kratkoća daha
Nepravilan rad srca (aritmija)
High blood pressure or cholesterol levels
Obiteljska povijest bolesti srca
Kongenitalne srčane mane
Fatigue, dizziness, or swelling in legs (potential signs of heart failure)

Early detection and treatment can significantly improve the quality of life and further prevent severe complications.

Types of Cardiology Procedures

Cardiology encompasses a wide range of treatments and surgeries. The common types include:

Angioplasty and Stent Placement – Opens blocked arteries and restores blood flow.
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) – Redirects blood around blocked arteries.
Pacemaker or ICD Implantation – Regulates abnormal heart rhythms.
Valve Repair or Replacement – Treats malfunctioning heart valves.
Transplantacija srca - Replaces a diseased heart with a healthy donor heart.
Catheter Ablation – Corrects arrhythmias by destroying abnormal tissue.
TAVI/TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement) – A minimally invasive alternative to open-heart valve surgery.

Evaluation and Diagnostics Before Surgery/Cardiology Procedures

Before performing any procedure, cardiologists conduct a thorough evaluation. Common diagnostic steps include:

Elektrokardiogram (EKG/EKG)
echocardiogram
Ispitivanje stresa
Koronarna angiografija
CT/MRI skeniranje
Ispitivanja krvi

These tests help the medical team choose the right treatment path.

Odabir i planiranje kirurškog zahvata/postupka

After the evaluation, a team of cardiologists and cardiac surgeons collaborates to decide the best treatment plan. They consider:

The severity and type of heart condition
Age, lifestyle, and overall health of the patient
Results from diagnostic tests
Potential risks and expected outcomes

The planning includes choosing between surgical and non-surgical procedures, preparing the patient physically and mentally, and scheduling the operation.

Postupak kardiološkog liječenja

The procedure depends on the specific condition. Here's how some of the common treatments work:

Invasive Cardiology Procedures

These require incisions and open surgery, often involving general anesthesia and a longer recovery time.

Robotic Heart Bypass Surgery: This minimally invasive variant of traditional bypass uses robotic arms for precise movement through small chest incisions to reroute blood around blocked arteries.
Heart Bypass Surgery (CABG): A surgical procedure that creates alternate pathways for blood to bypass blocked coronary arteries, improving blood flow to the heart.
Heart Valve Repair: Involves surgical correction of defective heart valves to restore proper blood flow direction, typically done via open-heart surgery.
Ventrikularni septalni defekt (VSD): A procedure to close an abnormal hole between the ventricles of the heart, typically done surgically in children or adults.
Atrijski septalni defekt (ASD): Surgical closure of a hole in the atrial wall (upper chambers) to prevent abnormal blood mixing, improving cardiac efficiency.
Bentall Procedure: A complex open-heart surgery involving replacement of the aortic valve, aortic root, and ascending aorta with a composite graft.
Popravak aortnog zaliska: Surgical repair of the aortic valve to correct stenosis or regurgitation, allowing normal blood flow from the heart.
Double Valve Replacement: A surgery where both the aortic and mitral valves are replaced with artificial or biological valves to restore heart function.

Interventional Cardiology Procedures

These are minimally invasive, catheter-based procedures typically done through arteries without large incisions.

Koronarna angiografija: A catheter-based imaging technique to visualize the coronary arteries using contrast dye, used to detect blockages or narrowing.
Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty: A catheter procedure to open a narrowed mitral valve by inflating a balloon to improve blood flow.
Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty: Similar to mitral valvuloplasty, this uses a balloon catheter to open a narrowed pulmonary valve.
Implantacija srčanog stimulatora: A minimally invasive procedure where a small device is implanted under the skin to regulate abnormal heart rhythms.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI): A catheter-based procedure to replace a stenotic aortic valve, typically for patients at high surgical risk.
Coronary Artery Angiography (CAG): A specific type of coronary angiography to visualize and assess blockages in the coronary arteries using contrast dye.
Angioplastika: A catheter-based procedure that uses a balloon to open blocked or narrowed coronary arteries, often followed by stent placement.

Non-Invasive Cardiology Procedures

These do not involve cutting or catheter insertion and are used for diagnosis or medical management.

Atherosclerosis Treatment: Typically involves lifestyle changes, medications, and monitoring to manage plaque buildup in arteries and reduce cardiovascular risk.
Cardiac Asthma Treatment: Involves managing underlying heart failure with medications like diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers to relieve wheezing and breathlessness.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Treatment: Managed with medications (statins, antiplatelets), diet, and exercise; angioplasty or bypass may be needed if it progresses.
Liječenje hipertenzije: A medical management approach using antihypertensive drugs, lifestyle changes, and regular monitoring to control high blood pressure.
Mitral Valve Repair (Early Medical Management): In mild cases, medications can manage symptoms and delay surgery, including diuretics, beta-blockers, and anticoagulants.
Myocardial Bridge Treatment: Often managed non-invasively with beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers; surgery is considered only in severe cases.
Pericarditis Treatment: Involves anti-inflammatory medications like NSAIDs or colchicine to reduce inflammation of the pericardium.
Cardioversion Treatment: A non-invasive, outpatient procedure where a controlled electric shock is delivered to restore normal heart rhythm.
Myocardial Infarction Treatment: Includes non-invasive elements like oxygen therapy, medications (aspirin, nitrates, thrombolytics), followed by interventional steps if needed.

Risks & Potential Complications of Heart Treatment

Although advanced techniques have reduced complications, risks still exist:

Bleeding or infection at the surgery site
Blood clots leading to stroke or heart attack
Arrhythmias or irregular heartbeat
Oštećenje krvnih žila ili živaca
Allergic reaction to anesthesia or contrast dye
Need for repeat procedures

Doctors take extensive precautions to minimize these risks through careful planning and monitoring.

Cost of Heart Treatment in India

India offers affordable treatment as compared to other Western nations. Treatment in India costs a fraction of what it costs in countries like the USA and the UK. The cost of heart treatment in India depends on the type of hospital, the expertise of the doctor, the type of treatment required, etc.

CABG: 5,800 USD-12,000 USD
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) Implant: 12,000 USD - 19,000 USD
Cardiac Valve Replacement: 7,000 USD - 10,000 USD
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Closure: 4,100 USD - 4,200 USD
Heart Double Valve Replacement: 8,500 USD - 12,500 USD
Transplantacija srca: 55,000 USD - 65,000 USD
Fontan Surgery: 4,500 USD - 8,000 USD
Pulmonary Artery Banding (PAB): 6,000 USD - 7,000 USD
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) Correction: 7,500 USD - 9,000 USD

Why Choose India for Heart Treatment?

India has emerged as a global hub for cardiac care, and here’s why:

Napredna tehnologija: Robotic surgeries, 3D mapping for arrhythmias, and TAVR procedures are widely available.
Iskusni stručnjaci: Indian cardiologists are internationally trained and highly skilled.
dostupnost: Cardiology treatment in India costs a fraction of what it does in the US or Europe.
Minimalno vrijeme čekanja: Fast-track surgeries and shorter appointment times in India.
Globalno prepoznavanje: Hospitals like Fortis Escorts, Manipal Hospitals, and Apollo have received international accreditations (e.g., JCI, NABH).
Značajne prekretnice: India’s first heart transplant was performed in New Delhi, and Indian surgeons have pioneered several minimally invasive cardiac procedures.