Cancer

Kusintha kwa DNA ya cell ndi komwe kumayambitsa khansa. DNA ya selo ili ndi jini zosiyanasiyana, ndipo jini iliyonse ili ndi malangizo otsogolera kakulidwe ka selo komanso kagawidwe kake, kuphatikizaponso ntchito zimene iyenera kugwira. Pafupifupi anthu 10 miliyoni amafa padziko lonse lapansi mu 2020 chifukwa cha khansa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kufa. Kuwonjezeka kokhudzana ndi ukalamba pachiwopsezo cha matenda ena mwina ndizomwe zimayambitsa kukwera kwakukulu kwa matenda a khansa. Zotupa za khansa zimatha kulowa ndikufalikira kumagulu oyandikana nawo, komanso kufika patali m'thupi kuti apange zotupa zatsopano.

Pali njira zingapo zochizira khansa yomwe ingachizidwe motere:

• ·         Chithandizo Chachikulu
• ·         Chithandizo cha Adjuvant
• ·         Chithandizo cha Palliative

Njira yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa, yomwe imatha kusiyana malinga ndi momwe wodwalayo alili, mtundu ndi gawo la matendawa, ndi zina. Kuzindikira msanga ndi kuchiza matenda a khansa kumachepetsa kufa kwake. Kuzindikira koyambirira kumakhala ndi magawo awiri: kuyezetsa komanso kuzindikira koyambirira.  

Njira zodziwira matenda ndizo:

• ·         Kuyesa kwa HPV (kuphatikiza kuyesa kwa HPV DNA ndi mRNA), monga njira yokondeka yowunikira khansa ya khomo lachiberekero; ndi
• ·         Kuyeza khansa ya m'mawere kwa amayi azaka zapakati pa 50-69 omwe akukhala m'malo okhala ndi machitidwe amphamvu kapena olimba kwambiri.

Kupatula izi, njira zingapo zothandizira khansa zilipo masiku ano ndipo ndizovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi.  Cholinga chachikulu nthawi zambiri chimakhala kuchiza khansa kapena kutalikitsa moyo. Kupititsa patsogolo moyo wa wodwalayo ndi cholinga chinanso chofunika kwambiri. Chisamaliro chapalliative pagawo lomaliza la khansa, limodzi ndi chithandizo chakuthupi, m'malingaliro, komanso moyo wauzimu wa wodwalayo, zingathandize kukwaniritsa izi.  

• ·    Mankhwala Opanga Mafuta: Ma X-ray amphamvu kwambiri kapena tinthu tina tating'onoting'ono timagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ma radiation kuti aphe maselo a khansa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamutu komanso pamutu (brachytherapy). Thandizo la radiation litha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo chachikulu nthawi zina, kapena litha kuperekedwa musanachite opaleshoni kapena itatha. Kutsata ndikuchotsa ma cell a khansa ndikuyambitsa kuvulaza pang'ono kwa minofu yathanzi ndicho cholinga.
• ·    mankhwala amphamvu: Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amphamvu kuti awononge maselo a thupi lanu omwe akuchulukirachulukira. Popeza maselo a khansa amachulukirachulukira ndikumakula mwachangu kwambiri kuposa maselo ena ambiri m'thupi, chemotherapy ndiye njira yochizira khansa. Pali mankhwala ambiri a chemotherapy omwe alipo. Mitundu yambiri ya khansa imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy, kaya okha kapena osakaniza.
• ·    immunotherapy: Immunotherapy imagwira ntchito pokulitsa mphamvu ya chitetezo chamthupi kuzindikira ndi kuthana ndi ma cell a khansa. Zimakhudza njira zingapo, kuphatikizapo katemera wa khansa, chithandizo cha maselo a CAR-T, ndi chitetezo cha chitetezo cha mthupi. Makamaka pa khansa ya khansa ya m'mapapo, khansa ya m'mapapo, ndi khansa ya impso, immunotherapy yasonyeza zotsatira zolimbikitsa pochiza khansa yosankhidwa.
• ·    Thandizo Lolinga: Mankhwala omwe amalunjika ku maselo a khansa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo kapena kusintha kwa majini amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza. Mankhwala ena amasokoneza mamolekyu ena omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kukula ndi kufalikira kwa khansa. Munthu atha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zochiritsira zomwe akuyembekezeredwa limodzi ndi chithandizo china kapena ngati chithandizo chodziyimira payekha.
• ·     Chisamaliro chosakanikirana: Chisamaliro cha Palliative ndi chithandizo chachipatala chomwe chinapangidwira kupititsa patsogolo umoyo wa odwala khansa ndi mabanja awo pochepetsa zizindikiro ndi kuchepetsa kuvutika, kusiyana ndi kuchiza matendawa. Anthu amatha kukhala momasuka mothandizidwa ndi chisamaliro chochepa. Ndikofunikira makamaka kumadera kumene odwala ambiri ali ndi magawo a khansa omwe ali ndi mwayi wochepa wochira.

Kuphatikiza apo, nsonga zingapo zopewera zimagwirizana ndi khansa. Malangizo amaphatikizapo kupewa kusuta, kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kumwa mowa pang'onopang'ono kapena kupeweratu mowa, kukonza mapulogalamu owunika ntchito, kupewa kutenthedwa ndi dzuwa, ndi zina zambiri.