Kusamalira Antenatal (ANC)

Chisamaliro cha oyembekezera chimaphatikizapo zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuyesa thanzi la mayi wapakati, kuyang'anira kakulidwe ka mwana, ndi kupereka chithandizo chofunikira ndi chitsogozo. Zigawo zikuluzikulu zikuphatikizapo:

1. Ulendo woyamba ndikuwunika: Ulendo woyamba wa oyembekezera nthawi zambiri umaphatikizapo kuunika mwatsatanetsatane mbiri yachipatala ya mayi woyembekezera, kuyezetsa thupi, ndi kuyezetsa koyambira.

2. Maulendo opitilira ndi kuyang'anira: Maulendo otsatizanatsa oyembekezera amakonzedwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti awone momwe mimba ikuyendera, kuwunika momwe mayi alili komanso mwana wosabadwayo, ndi kuthetsa nkhawa zilizonse kapena mafunso.

3. Kuwunika ndi kuyezetsa matenda: Mayesero osiyanasiyana amachitidwa nthawi yonse yapakati kuti awonetsere zinthu monga gestational shuga, matenda a chromosomal, ndi matenda. Kuyezetsa matenda kungalimbikitse ngati pali zolakwika zina zomwe zapezeka.

4. Malangizo a zakudya ndi moyo: Othandizira azaumoyo amapereka malangizo okhudza kukhala ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kumwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi oyenera panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati.

5. Thandizo lamalingaliro ndi maphunziro: Chisamaliro cha oyembekezera chimaphatikizapo uphungu ndi maphunziro pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana monga kuyamwitsa, kuledzera ndi kubereka, chisamaliro cha obadwa kumene, ndi chisamaliro chakhanda.

Nthawi Yabwino Yoyambira Kusamalira Oyembekezera

Chisamaliro cha oyembekezera chiyenera kuyambika msanga pambuyo potsimikizira kuti ali ndi pakati. Imayamba bwino pakadutsa masabata 4 mpaka 8 kapena masabata 12 kuyambira nthawi yomaliza ya msambo. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndi bwino kuyamba chithandizo kwa mwezi umodzi mimba isanatengere. Asanayambe kukhala ndi banja, makolo akhoza kuonana ndi dokotala wodziwa zakulera kuti awaunike mwatsatanetsatane za thanzi lawo.

Kukachezetsa koyambirira kumathandiza azaumoyo kuti apeze zofunika pa umoyo wa mayi, kuonetsa matenda monga kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi matenda a shuga, kuonana bwino ndi mimbayo pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasound, kuyeza matenda okhudza majini ndi matenda, kulangiza amayi za kadyedwe ndi zochita, kupereka mavitamini oyembekezera monga kupatsidwa folic acid kuti apewe zilema, komanso kukhazikitsa dongosolo lachisamaliro. 

Mayeso Osamalira Oyembekezera

Mayeso oyembekezera nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mayeso angapo omwe amayenera kuyang'anira momwe mayi aliri komanso momwe akukula m'mimba nthawi zonse. Mayesowa amatha kugawidwa ngati kuyezetsa magazi, kuyezetsa mkodzo, ma ultrasound, kapena mayeso ena achilendo. Kusiyanitsa kumakhala motere:

Mbiri Yachipatala: Katswiri wa zachipatala amalemba mbiri yakale yachipatala, yomwe idzaphatikizepo mbiri ya msambo (LMP), matenda obadwa nawo, mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito, mankhwala olekerera, mimba yapitayi, mimba yamakono (zotheka mapasa, kubereka, kupititsa padera, zovuta), ndi opaleshoni iliyonse yakale monga kuchotsa fibroids, cysts. Mbiri ya mabanja yomwe imatsindika za thanzi monga matenda a shuga, thalassemia, Down syndrome, kusuta kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ngati kuli kotheka.

Kuyeza Magazi: Kuyeza komwe kumaphatikizapo Wiki-Complete Blood Count (CBC) makamaka pofuna kupewa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi matenda; Gulu la Magazi ndi Rh Factor (kuti mudziwe mtundu wa magazi), Kuyezetsa Matenda pa HIV, hepatitis B, chindoko, rubella, Kuyeza kwa Glucose kuti muwone ngati ali ndi matenda a shuga a gestational, Thyroid Function Tests kuti awone thanzi la chithokomiro, ndi Genetic Screening pa matenda ena monga Down syndrome. 

Mayeso a Mkodzo: Izi ndizomwe zimayang'anira matenda amkodzo, mapuloteni (atha kuwonetsa pre-eclampsia), ndi shuga.

Mayeso a Ultrasound: Ma ultrasound omwe amachitidwa mu trimester yoyamba ndiyo kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi pakati, kuyerekezera zaka zoyembekezera, komanso kusaphatikiza kutenga pakati. Ultrasound ya trimester yachiwiri imachitika kuti iwunikenso momwe mwana wakhanda alili komanso kukula kwake, pomwe wachitatu trimester amawunika kukula kwa fetal, momwe alili, komanso kuwunika kwamadzimadzi amniotic.

Zowonetsera zina: Kuyezetsa khomo lachiberekero kumatha kuchitidwa pamipambo yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu, pomwe mayeso a Gulu B Streptococcus (GBS) nthawi zambiri amachitidwa mu trimester yachitatu kuti awone ngati ali ndi matenda a bakiteriya. 

Kuyeza mayi wapakati: Pofuna kuyang'anira ubale wapakati pa mayi ndi mwana, amayi onse oyembekezera kuyambira miyezi itatu kupita m'mwamba ayenera kuchulukitsa pafupifupi 3 kg pa sabata.

Kuyeza kutalika: Mayi aliyense wosapitirira 140 cm mu msinkhu akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo cha labor dystocia chifukwa chopapatiza pansi pa chiuno. Choncho, dokotala woyembekezera adzakonza njira yoyenera yoperekera kuti achepetse chiopsezochi.

Kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi: Kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mimba kumatha kusokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo ndikupangitsa kubadwa kochepa komanso kubadwa msanga. Ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kuli kochepa, mpweya wokwanira ndi zakudya sizingafike kwa mwana wosabadwayo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mwanayo akule bwino komanso kubadwa msanga.

Malangizo Omwe Aperekedwa Panthawi Yosamalira Oyembekezera

Nawa mwachidule malingaliro omwe nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa panthawi ya chisamaliro cha oyembekezera: 

• Idyani zakudya zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi michere yambiri komanso mavitamini oyembekezera, makamaka kupatsidwa folic acid, ayironi, ndi calcium.  
• Imwani madzi ochuluka tsiku lonse. Nyama yaiwisi kapena yosaphikidwa bwino, nsomba zam'nyanja, mkaka wosakanizidwa, ndi nsomba za mercury zambiri ziyenera kuchepetsedwa kapena kupewedwa.  
• Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi, monga kuyenda, kusambira, kapena yoga yoyembekezera, ikhoza kuchitidwa ndi chilolezo cha dokotala wanu. Muzipuma mokwanira ndi kugona.  
• Pewani ntchito zomwe zingakuike pachiwopsezo chakugwa kapena kuvulala pamimba.
• Osasuta kapena kulola aliyense kusuta pafupi nanu. Khalani kutali ndi mowa.  
• Pezani upangiri wa azaumoyo musanamwe mankhwala aliwonse, kuphatikiza mankhwala osagulika ndi mankhwala azitsamba.  
• Chitani zinthu zochepetsera nkhawa monga kupuma mozama, kusinkhasinkha, ndi yoga.  
• Ngati muli ndi nkhawa kapena kupsinjika maganizo, pemphani achibale ndi anzanu kuti akuthandizeni. Onetsetsani dokotala wanu za kusintha kwa maganizo pa nthawi ya mimba.   
• Khalani aukhondo kuti muteteze ku matenda ndipo funsani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu musanapange mapulani aliwonse oyenda.  
• Samalani ndi zizindikiro zodetsa nkhawa monga kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba, kutuluka magazi m'nyini, kapena kuchepa kwa kayendedwe ka mwana.  
• Ndikofunikira kupezeka pa makonzedwe onse oyembekezera oyembekezera. 

Ubwino Wachisamaliro cha Oyembekezera

Chisamaliro cha oyembekezera chili ndi maubwino ambiri kwa amayi ndi makanda. Zimathandizanso kuzindikira ndi kuthana ndi zovuta mwachangu momwe zingathere, potero zimalimbikitsa thanzi kudzera muzakudya komanso upangiri wamoyo. Thandizo lamalingaliro ndi uphungu zimakonzekeretsa amayi kubadwa ndi chisamaliro pambuyo pobereka. Kwa mwana, chisamaliro choyembekezera chimatsatira kukula kwa mwana, kumachepetsa mavuto, kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi thanzi labwino, komanso kumachepetsa kufa kwa makanda. Choncho, amachepetsa chiwerengero cha imfa za amayi ndi akhanda, amawongolera zotsatira za mimba, ndipo amakhazikitsa maziko a thanzi la amayi ndi makanda.

Chisamaliro cha oyembekezera chingatanthauzidwe ngati gulu la mautumiki osiyanasiyana azaumoyo ndi ntchito zomwe cholinga chake ndi kusunga mayi ndi mwana wosabadwayo pa nthawi yapakati. Chisamaliro cha oyembekezera chimakhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Ulendo woyamba wa oyembekezera ndi gawo lofunikira pokhazikitsa maziko apakati. Paulendowu, wothandizira zaumoyo adza:

1. Kuyang'anira ndi Kuunika Zaumoyo:

Sungani mwatsatanetsatane mbiri yachipatala, kuphatikizapo mimba zam'mbuyomu, matenda, ndi mankhwala. Muzipima thupi, zomwe zingaphatikizepo kuyeza kutalika, kulemera, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi m’mimba. Konzani zoyezetsa zoyambira, monga kuyezetsa magazi, kuyeza mkodzo, ndi kuyezetsa matenda opatsirana. Kambiranani ndondomeko yoyembekezeka ya maulendo oyembekezera oyembekezera ndi kuthana ndi nkhawa zilizonse kapena mafunso.

2. Maphunziro ndi Uphungu: 

Uphungu wa zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi, ndi kupewa kumwa mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mayi woyembekezera ayenera kuphunzitsidwa za nthawi yobala, njira zochepetsera ululu, ndi njira zoberekera. Kukambirana za kuchira pambuyo pobereka, chisamaliro cha unamwino, ndi chisamaliro chakhanda. Kuthana ndi mayankho amalingaliro kudzera pakuwunika ndikupereka chithandizo pazovuta zilizonse kapena nkhawa.

3. Njira Zopewera: 

Makatemera ovomerezeka monga katemera wa chimfine ndi Tdap adzaonetsetsa chitetezo chokwanira kwa mayi ndi mwana. Mavitamini oyembekezera monga kupatsidwa folic acid ndi ayironi amaperekedwa kuti awonetsetse kudya moyenera. Kutengera njira zamitundumitundu zokhuza matenda omwe analipo kale monga matenda a shuga kapena matenda oopsa kuti achepetse chiwopsezo chamikhalidwe yotere panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati.

4. Kuzindikira Mwamsanga ndi Kuchiza Mavuto: 

Kuzindikiritsa ndi kuyang'anira zovuta zokhudzana ndi mimba monga gestational shuga, pre-eclampsia, ndi matenda. Ngati ndi kotheka, pangafunike kutumiza wodwalayo kwa akatswiri kuti akamuwunikenso ndi kulandira chithandizo.

5. Kukonzekera Kubereka: 

Madokotala oyembekezera ayenera kuletsa kubereka m'njira yoti mayi wobadwayo ndi mwana wake akhale otetezeka ku nyini kapena m'mimba. Kupitilira apo, athandizira kutsata njira zakulera pambuyo pobereka, makamaka njira zakulera. Katswiri woyembekezera adzapitirizanso kupereka mavitamini ofunikira ndi mankhwala owonjezera pa mimba.