Hematology

Hematology ndi maphunziro a magazi okhudza thanzi ndi matenda. Matenda okhudzana ndi magazi amatha kukhudza machitidwe ambiri amthupi, kuphatikiza ma lymphatic system, omwe ndi gulu la minofu ndi ziwalo zomwe zimachotsa zinyalala. Mavuto a m’mafupa, omwe amatulutsa unyinji wa maselo a magazi m’thupi, nthawi zina angayambitse matenda a magazi. Gawo la hematology likufuna kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli, momwe zimakhudzira thanzi la munthu, ndi momwe angathanirane nazo.
Akatswiri a Hematologists amazindikira ndi kuchiza matenda monga kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, khansa ya m'magazi, kutsekeka kwa magazi, komanso khansa yamagazi. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira za labotale kusanthula zitsanzo za magazi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi ndi kuyeza magazi, kuti azindikire zolakwika. Hematology imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakumvetsetsa ndikuwongolera zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kayendedwe ka magazi, kuwonetsetsa kuti anthu ali ndi thanzi komanso moyo wabwino pozindikira komanso kuchiza matenda okhudzana ndi magazi.

Sungitsani Misonkhano

Za Hematology

Hematology ndi gawo losiyanasiyana lomwe lili ndi ma subspecialties osiyanasiyana, iliyonse imayang'ana mbali zina zamagazi ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi magazi.

Mitundu ina yodziwika ya hematology ndi:

Hematopathology: Akatswiri a Hematopathologists amagwira ntchito pofufuza magazi ndi mafupa a mafupa, kufufuza matenda monga khansa ya m'magazi, lymphoma, ndi myelodysplastic syndromes pofufuza mwatsatanetsatane maselo a magazi ndi minofu.
Coagulation ndi Thrombosis: Akatswiri a magazi omwe ali ndi ukadaulo wa coagulation ndi thrombosis amaphunzira momwe magazi amaundana. Amazindikira ndikuwongolera zovuta monga hemophilia, deep vein thrombosis, ndi thrombophilia.
Chithandizo cha Kuthira mwazi: Nthambi imeneyi imagwira ntchito yoika magazi, kuonetsetsa kuti magazi ali otetezeka komanso othandiza kwa odwala. Zimakhudzanso kusunga magazi, kuyezetsa kuti akugwirizana ndi zimene munthu angachite, ndiponso kusamalira mmene munthu angakhudzire kuikidwa magazi.
Hemoglobinopathies: Akatswiri a hemoglobinopathies amayang'ana kwambiri za majini monga sickle cell anemia ndi thalassemia, zomwe zimakhudza kapangidwe ka hemoglobin, mapuloteni m'maselo ofiira amagazi.
Pediatric Hematology: Akatswiri a magazi a ana amachiza matenda a magazi mwa ana, kuphatikizapo matenda monga leukemia ya ana, kuchepa kwa magazi, ndi matenda a magazi.
Kufupa Kwa Mafuta: Derali limaphatikizapo kuika mafupa a m’mafupa kapena tsinde kuti athe kuchiza matenda monga khansa ya m’magazi, lymphoma, ndi matenda ena a m’magazi.
Hemostasis ndi Thrombosis: Akatswiri okhudza magazi m'thupi amaphunzira za mmene magazi amaundana ndi kutuluka magazi, kuthana ndi vuto la magazi (monga matenda a von Willebrand) ndi matenda a thrombotic (monga deep vein thrombosis).
Benign Hematology: Gawo laling'onoli limayang'ana kwambiri zovuta zamagazi zomwe si za khansa, monga kuchepa kwa iron-deficiency anemia, immune thrombocytopenia, ndi autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

Njira ya Hematology

Njira zochizira Hematology zimaphatikizapo njira zingapo zothandizira kuthana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi magazi. Njira yeniyeni imadalira mtundu ndi kuuma kwa chikhalidwecho.

Nazi mwachidule njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza hematology:

Kasamalidwe ka Mankhwala: Matenda ambiri a magazi amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kungafunike kuwonjezera ayironi, pomwe vuto la kuundana limatha kuyendetsedwa ndi anticoagulants. Mankhwala ochepetsa magazi angathandize kupewa kupangika kwa magazi m'mikhalidwe monga deep vein thrombosis.
Kuika Magazi: Kuikidwa magazi kumaphatikizapo kuikidwa magazi kapena zinthu zina za m’magazi, monga maselo ofiira a m’magazi, mapulateleti, kapena madzi a m’magazi, kuti athetse vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m’thupi kwambiri, matenda otaya magazi, kapenanso matenda amene m’mafupa a m’mafupa sakuyenda bwino.
mankhwala amphamvu: Kwa odwala khansa ya magazi monga khansa ya m'magazi, lymphoma, ndi myeloma yambiri, chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi zambiri chimakhala chofunikira. Mankhwalawa amalimbana ndi kupha maselo a khansa, omwe amatha kuperekedwa pakamwa, kudzera m'mitsempha, kapena mwachindunji kumadzi am'mimba.
Kuika Bone Marrow (BMT): BMT ndi njira yomwe fupa la fupa la wodwala limasinthidwa ndi maselo athanzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu monga khansa ya m'magazi ndi aplastic anemia. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu: autologous (pogwiritsa ntchito maselo a wodwalayo) ndi allogeneic (pogwiritsa ntchito maselo a wopereka).
Kusintha kwa Maselo a Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSCT): HSCT ndi njira yapadera yoika m'mafupa yomwe imaphatikizapo kuyika maselo amtundu wa hematopoietic kuti akhazikitsenso magazi ogwira ntchito ndi chitetezo cha mthupi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo hematological malignancies ndi matenda ena a chitetezo cha mthupi.