Atrioventricular Canal Defect
Kusakhazikika kwa mtima kobadwa nako kotchedwa atrioventricular canal defect (AV canal defect) kapena atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) kumatanthauzidwa ndi kutseguka kwapakatikati kwa mtima pakati pa zipinda zam'mwamba (atria) ndi zipinda zapansi (maventricles). Kukula kosakwanira kwa septa, komwe kumagawaniza atria ndi ma ventricles, ndi zotsatira za kusokonezeka kumeneku, komwe kumayambitsa magazi osagwirizana pakati pa zipinda. Kuopsa kwa mavuto a ngalande ya AV kumasiyanasiyana, ndipo angaphatikizepo kusalongosoka kwa mavavu a mtima omwe amawongolera kuyenda kwa magazi. Mabowo akuluakulu pakatikati pamtima, kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa ma valve omwe angapangitse magazi kubwereranso, ndi kulumikizana molakwika pakati pa zipinda za mtima ndi mawonekedwe odziwika bwino a AV canal anomalies. Zomwe zimachitika paziwopsezo za ngalande ya AV zimaphatikizapo dzenje lalikulu pakati pa mtima, kulumikizana kwachilendo pakati pa zipinda zamtima, ndi zolakwika za ma valve zomwe zingayambitse kutulutsa magazi. Zowonongeka za ngalande za AV nthawi zambiri zimafuna kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti akonze zolakwikazo ndikubwezeretsanso mtima wabwinobwino.
Sungitsani MisonkhanoAbout Atrioventricular Canal Defect
Zizindikiro za Kuwonongeka kwa Canal Atrioventricular: Zizindikiro za vuto la atrioventricular canal defect (AV canal defect) zikhoza kusiyana kutengera momwe chilemacho chilili. Zizindikiro za vuto la ngalande ya AV mwa makanda ndi monga kupuma movutikira, kumangirira mapapu kuti apume bwino, kulephera kuchita bwino, ndi cyanosis, kapena utoto wabuluu pakhungu. Atha kukhalanso ndi chibayo kapena matenda opitilira kupuma. Makanda omwe ali ndi vuto la AV canal nthawi zina amakumana ndi kulephera kwa mtima, komwe kumawonetsa kutopa, kunenepa kwambiri, ndi kutupa m'miyendo ndi m'mimba. Anthu okalamba omwe ali ndi vuto lochepa kwambiri la AV canal akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa kapena zizindikiro monga kutopa, kusalolera masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi kupuma movutikira.
Atrioventricular Canal Defect imayambitsa: Matenda a atrioventricular canal, kapena AV canal defects, ali ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe sizikumveka bwino. Koma pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudza momwe zimakhalira. Kutengera chibadwa ndikofunikira; Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) ndi zovuta zina za majini zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa vuto la AV canal. Kusintha kwa chilengedwe pa nthawi ya mimba kungapangitsenso chiopsezo; Izi zimaphatikizapo matenda a amayi (monga rubella), kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kumwa mowa, ndi matenda a shuga a amayi. Komanso, vutoli likukulirakulira ndi anomalies mu chitukuko cha fetal mtima, monga mavuto valavu kapena septum kumanga. Zonse zikaganiziridwa, kuyanjana kovutirapo pakati pa kusatetezeka kwa ma genetic ndi kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe pakukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo ndikomwe kumayambitsa kusagwira bwino kwa ngalande ya AV. Kuti mumvetsetse bwino njira zomwe zimathandizira kukula kwa mtima wobadwa nawo, kafukufuku wochulukirapo akufunika.
Njira zothandizira matenda a Atrioventricular Canal: Pofuna kukonza vuto la atrioventricular canal (AV canal defect) ndikubwezeretsa mtima ku ntchito yabwino, opaleshoni nthawi zambiri imafunika ngati gawo la chithandizo. Mlingo wa vutolo ndi momwe wodwalayo alili zidzatsimikizira dongosolo lachidziwitso. Pofuna kuchepetsa zoopsa komanso kukulitsa zotsatira, kukonza maopaleshoni a AV ngalande nthawi zambiri kumachitika muubwana kapena unyamata. Kumanganso ma valve osokonekera a mtima ndi kutseka bowo la septum—khoma lolekanitsa zipinda zapamtima za mtima—ndizo masitepe aŵiri a opaleshoniyo. Kuti muthane ndi zovuta zovuta kapena zovuta zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, nthawi zina zingakhale zofunikira kuchita mobwerezabwereza. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la AV amayenera kutsatiridwa ndi katswiri wa zamtima kwa moyo wawo wonse kuti ayang'ane thanzi la mtima ndi kuthetsa zotsatira zilizonse zomwe zingatheke.
Njira ya Atrioventricular Canal Defect
Njira zotsatirazi zitha kuchitidwa panthawi ya opaleshoni yamtima kuti mukonze vuto la atrioventricular canal defect (AV canal defect):
Ochititsa dzanzi: Pofuna kutsimikizira kuti wodwalayo amakhalabe chidziwitso komanso wopanda ululu panthawi ya opaleshoni, anesthesia wamba amaperekedwa.
Chocheka: Kuti mufike pamtima, kudulidwa kwa opaleshoni kumapangidwa pakati pa chifuwa. Kutengera ndi momwe wodwalayo alili komanso momwe thupi lake lilili, miyeso ndi malo ake zimatha kusintha.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Akamachitidwa opaleshoni, wodwalayo amakokedwa ndi chipangizo chotchedwa heart-lung bypass chomwe chimagwira ntchito ngati choloŵa m’malo mwa mtima ndi mapapo kwakanthawi kochepa. Izi zimathandizira kuti magazi aziyendanso kudzera m'makina olambalala, zomwe zimathandiza dokotala kuchita maopaleshoni amtima pomwe ukuyenda.
Kukonza Chowonongeka: Pogwiritsa ntchito zigamba kapena zomangira minofu, dokotala amakonza dzenje la septum, khoma lomwe limagawaniza zipinda zapamtima, kukonza vuto la ngalande ya atrioventricular. Mu gawo ili, ma valve osagwira ntchito mu mtima amathanso kukhazikitsidwa kapena kusinthidwa.
Kutseka: Kudulidwa pachifuwa kumatsekedwa ndi stitches kapena ma staples pamene nkhaniyo yakhazikitsidwa, ndipo malo ovulalawo amaphimbidwa ndi nsalu zosabala.
Chithandizo cha Postoperative: Wodwala amasamutsidwira ku ICU, kapena chipatala cha odwala kwambiri, kuti akawonedwe ndi kuchira pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Angafunike kukhala pa makina olowera mpweya, kumwa mankhwala ochiritsira mtima, ndi kumasuka ku ululu.
Kukonzanso: Thanzi la wodwalayo litakhazikika, amadutsa nthawi yochira ndikukonzanso. Pofuna kuwathandiza kuti apezenso mphamvu ndikugwira ntchito, gawoli likhoza kuphatikizapo kukonzanso mtima, Occupational Therapy, ndi chithandizo chamankhwala.
Zonse zomwe zimaganiziridwa, kukonza vuto la ngalande ya atrioventricular ndi njira yovuta yomwe imafunikira njira zopangira opaleshoni, zida zapadera, ndi chisamaliro chapakati. Kuchiritsa chilema, kukulitsa dongosolo la mtima, komanso kupewa zovuta zolumikizidwa ndi vuto la AV canal ndizo zolinga zazikulu za opaleshoni.
