Opaleshoni ya Melanoma
Melanoma, kutanthauza "chotupa chakuda," ndi khansa yapakhungu yowopsa kwambiri. Chithandizo chachikulu cha khansa yapakhungu, mtundu wowopsa kwambiri wa khansa yapakhungu, ndi opaleshoni ya melanoma. Kuchotsa maselo oopsa a melanoma pakhungu ndicho cholinga chachikulu cha opaleshoniyi chifukwa amachepetsa mwayi wa khansa kufalikira ndi kubwerera. Njira zopangira opaleshoni zingaphatikizepo strategic lymph node biopsy, excision localized excision, excisional biopsy, kapena lymphadenectomy, malingana ndi maonekedwe a melanoma. Kupewa ndi kuchiza melanoma koyambirira ndikofunikira, makamaka ngati muli ndi khungu labwino, tsitsi lofiira kapena lofiira ndi maso abuluu. Opaleshoniyi ikufuna kuchotsa chotupacho ndi minofu ina yathanzi yozungulira kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha khansa kubwereranso. Opaleshoni ingakhale njira yokhayo yochizira khansa yapakhungu; Komabe, zochitika zapamwamba kwambiri zingafunike immunotherapy, chemotherapy, kapena chithandizo cha radiation. Opaleshoni ya oncologists kapena akatswiri a dermatological nthawi zambiri amachita maopaleshoni a melanoma. Kuti muthane bwino ndi melanoma, kuzindikira msanga, kukhazikika bwino, komanso kukonzekera bwino chithandizo ndikofunikira. Izi zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa kuyezetsa khungu kwanthawi zonse ndikuwunika kwakanthawi kwa zotupa zomwe akuwakayikira.
Sungitsani MisonkhanoZa Opaleshoni ya Melanoma
Zisonyezo: Maselo a khansa ya melanoma amachotsedwa opaleshoni kuchokera kunja kwa khungu panthawi ya opaleshoni ya melanoma. Pamene tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena zotupa tapezeka pakuyezetsa khungu pafupipafupi kapena kuyezetsa ngati khungu la biopsy kapena kuwunika kwa dermatological, opaleshoni imafunika.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa: Khansara ya melanoma imayamba chifukwa cha kutengeka kwa majini komanso kukhudzidwa ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet (UV) kuchokera ku kuwala kwa dzuwa kapena malo ochita kupanga monga mabedi otenthetsera khungu. Khungu labwino, kupsya kwa dzuwa, kuchuluka kwa mamolekyu, banja la Melanoma, ndi kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo chamthupi ndizomwe zimayambitsa ngozi.
Njira Yochizira:Kuchotsa chotupacho ndi opaleshoni ndiye chithandizo chachikulu cha melanoma. Njira zopangira opaleshoni yochizira melanoma zimatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ngati matendawa afika ku ma lymph nodes oyandikana nawo, ndiye kuti njira zina zimaphatikizapo lymphadenectomy (lymph node dissection), kuchotsa kwambiri m'deralo, sentinel lymph node biopsy, ndi excisional biopsy. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, kuzindikira msanga ndi chithandizo chamsanga ndikofunikira.
Kukonzanso Pambuyo pa Opaleshoni: Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, odwala ayenera kusamalira malo opangira opaleshoniyo, kuwasunga oyera ndi kuyang'anira zizindikiro zilizonse za matenda (kufiira, kutupa, kapena mafinya).
Ubwino Wa Opaleshoni Ya Melanoma
Pali zabwino zambiri zochotsera opaleshoni ya khansa yapakhungu, monga:
Chotupacho chachotsedwa kwathunthu ndipo sichingathe kufalikira kumadera ena.
• Imachiritsa kotheratu melanoma yoyambilira.
• Malowa ayenera kuchira msanga.
• Pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, chitsanzocho chikhoza kufufuzidwa mosamala kuti awone momwe zilondazo zapitirira.
Mitundu Ya Opaleshoni Ya Melanoma
Pali mitundu ingapo ya opaleshoni ya melanoma, malingana ndi siteji ya melanoma, malo ake, komanso ngati khansayo yafalikira. Nayi mitundu yayikulu ya opaleshoni ya melanoma:
Wide Local Excision (WLE): Opaleshoni yodziwika kwambiri yochotsa ma melanomas oyambirira. Melanoma amadulidwa pamodzi ndi m'mphepete mwa minofu yathanzi kuti athetsedwe. Kukula kwa malire kumatengera makulidwe ndi mawonekedwe a melanoma.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB): Cholinga cha melanoma ndikuwunika ngati melanoma yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes apafupi. ndi Procedure of melanoma, Kalozera wa radioactive ndi/kapena utoto umabayidwa pafupi ndi melanoma kuti azindikire ma lymph node (ma lymph node oyamba omwe amakhetsa malo ozungulira melanoma). Manodewa amachotsedwa ndikuyesedwa ngati maselo a khansa.
Kuchotsa Lymph Node (Lymphadenectomy Yathunthu): Ngati khansa ya khansa yafalikira ku sentinel lymph node kapena ngati pali umboni wa kukhudzidwa kwa ma lymph node m'derali, kupatukana kwa lymph node kungathe kuchitidwa kuchotsa ma lymph node angapo kudera lomwe lakhudzidwa (mwachitsanzo, khosi, mkhwapa, groin).
Opaleshoni ya Mohs Micrographic: Khansara ya melanoma imachotsedwa mosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza, ndipo gawo lililonse limawunikiridwa ndi maikulosikopu kuti zitsimikizire kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa minofu ya khansa ndikusunga minofu yathanzi. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa khansa yapakhungu yomwe si ya melanoma koma ingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zina ku khansa ya melanoma m'malo ovuta kwambiri ngati nkhope.
Njira ya Opaleshoni ya Melanoma
Kuwunika Kwambiri: Wodwala amayesedwa mwatsatanetsatane, kuphatikizapo kuwunikanso mbiri yachipatala, kuyezetsa thupi, komanso kafukufuku wojambula zithunzi kuti adziwe kukula kwa melanoma, kuya kwake, ndi malo ake.
Chithandizo cha Anesthesia: Anesthesia imayendetsedwa kuti zitsimikizire chitonthozo ndi chitetezo cha wodwalayo panthawi ya ndondomekoyi. Malingana ndi kukula kwa opaleshoni, anesthesia ikhoza kukhala yapafupi, dera, kapena lonse.
Chocheka: Opaleshoniyo imapangidwa mozungulira melanoma, kuonetsetsa kuti pali minofu yathanzi yozungulira chotupacho. Kukula ndi malo omwe adulidwa zimadalira mawonekedwe a melanoma ndi malo ake.
Kuchotsa Chotupa: Dokotalayo amachotsa mosamalitsa melanoma pamodzi ndi m'mphepete mwa minofu yathanzi kuti awonetsetse kuti adulidwa kwathunthu ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo choyambiranso. Kuzama kwa kudulidwa kumadalira makulidwe a melanoma, monga momwe zimatsimikizidwira ndi kuyesa koyambirira.
Kutseka Chilonda: Khansara ya khansa ikachotsedwa, malo opangira opaleshoni amatsekedwa pogwiritsa ntchito sutures, zopangira opaleshoni, kapena zomatira. Chisamaliro chimatengedwa kuti chilonda chikhale choyenera ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika pakhungu kuti chichiritse bwino.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (ngati ikuwonetsedwa): Nthawi zina, sentinel lymph node biopsy imatha kuchitidwa panthawi ya Opaleshoni ya melanoma kuti awone ngati khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes apafupi. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuzindikira ndi kuchotsa ma lymph node omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi maselo a khansa kuti awonedwenso.
Chithandizo cha Postoperative: Wodwalayo amayang'aniridwa m'malo ochira mpaka atadzuka ndi kukhazikika. Malangizo a postoperative, kuphatikizapo chisamaliro chabala, kusamalira ululu, ndi zoletsa ntchito, amaperekedwa. Maudindo otsatiridwa amakonzedwa kuti ayang'ane momwe machiritso akuyendera ndikuwunika zizindikiro zilizonse za kubwereza kapena zovuta.
Njira Zochizira Melanoma
Matenda a melanoma amatha kuchiritsidwa bwino ndi opaleshoni; ngati adutsa malo osamalira khungu, mankhwala adzaperekedwa mwachindunji pamalowo, ndipo ma radiation adzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga ma lymph nodes.
Ma Node adzaperekedwa. Kuphatikiza pa machiritso achilengedwewa, adathandiziranso kulimbikitsa chitetezo chamthupi kuti chiwonjezeke.
Edha Care imapereka mtengo wabwino kwambiri wa Chithandizo cha Melanoma Ku India pamtengo wotsika kwa odwala apadziko lonse omwe akuyendera India, moyang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri oyenerera kwambiri.
