Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) is a surgical procedure performed to treat severe coronary artery disease (CAD) by bypassing blocked or narrowed coronary arteries. It is a common and highly effective intervention that restores blood flow to the heart muscle, relieving chest pain (angina) and reducing the risk of heart attack. In this article, we will explore the CABG procedure, its significance, and how it benefits individuals with coronary artery disease.

1. Anesthesia and Incision: CABG is performed under general anesthesia. A small incision is made in the chest, typically through the breastbone (sternum), to access the heart.

2. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: The patient is connected to a heart-lung machine, which temporarily takes over the functions of the heart and lungs. The machine ensures oxygenation and circulation of the blood while the surgeon operates on the still heart.

3. Harvesting Grafts: The surgeon identifies suitable blood vessels, such as the internal mammary artery or saphenous vein, from other parts of the body. These vessels serve as grafts for bypassing the blocked coronary arteries.

4. Graft Placement: The grafts are carefully attached to the coronary arteries, creating a new pathway for blood flow. The number of grafts required depends on the severity and location of the blockages.

5. Completion and Heart Restart: Once all the grafts are in place, the surgeon ensures they are functioning properly and restores blood flow to the heart. The heart is restarted, and its activity is monitored closely.

Incision Closure and Recovery: After the surgeon confirms the success of the procedure, the incision is closed using sutures or staples. The patient is then transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) for postoperative care and monitoring.