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Coarctation Of The Aorta

Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital heart defect characterized by a narrowing of the aortic arch, the main blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body. Surgery is often necessary to correct this condition and restore normal blood flow. 

Coarctation of the aorta is generally present at birth (congenital heart defect). Symptoms can range from mild to severe. The condition might not be detected until adulthood. It often occurs along with other congenital heart defects. Treatment is usually successful, but the condition requires careful lifelong follow-up.

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About Coarctation Of The Aorta

Coarctation of the aorta occurs when there is a narrowing or constriction in the aortic arch, leading to restricted blood flow to the lower part of the body. This narrowing can cause high blood pressure in the arms and head while reducing blood flow to the abdomen and lower extremities. Surgery is typically recommended to relieve the obstruction and restore proper blood flow throughout the body.

Symptoms of coarctation of the aorta in infants include:

  • Difficulty breathing

  • Difficulty feeding

  • Heavy sweating

  • Irritability

  • Pale skin

Procedure of Coarctation Of The Aorta

It's uncertain what causes aortic coarctation. Usually, the illness is a congenital heart defect, which is a cardiac issue that exists from birth. Aortic coarctation rarely occurs later in life. Aortic coarctation can occur anywhere along the aorta, however it typically occurs close to the ductus arteriosus, a blood vessel. The aorta and left pulmonary artery are joined by that blood channel.

There are several procedures and surgeries to repair aortic coarctation:

  • Balloon angioplasty and stenting: This may be the first treatment for aortic coarctation. Sometimes it's done if narrowing occurs again after coarctation surgery.

  • Resection with end-to-end anastomosis: This method involves removing the narrowed area of the aorta (resection) and then connecting the two healthy parts of the aorta (anastomosis).

  • Subclavian flap aortoplasty: A part of the blood vessel that delivers blood to the left arm (left subclavian artery) might be used to expand the narrowed area of the aorta.

  • Bypass graft repair: This surgery uses a tube called a graft to reroute blood around the narrowed area of the aorta.

  • Patch angioplasty: The surgeon cuts across the narrowed area of the aorta and then attaches a patch of synthetic material to widen the blood vessel. Patch aortoplasty is useful if the coarctation involves a long part of the aorta.

 

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