Obesity is one of the top leading diseases in the current times. Approximately 1.9 million of the world’s adults are overweight and out of these, 650 million are obese. Bariatric surgery is being seen as a successful solution to obesity problems. With nearly 100 bariatric surgeries performed each day, India is the global destination for bariatric surgery. Obesity adversely affects the quality of life, leading not only to disability but also to numerous other disorders. Being overweight is a major risk factor for mortality, diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking, and physical inactivity and is highly responsible for 5% of all deaths globally.
What is Bariatric Surgery?
By reducing the size of the stomach, bariatric surgery is a medical treatment that aids in weight loss. By making the stomach smaller, it results in restricting or lowering the amount of food consumed at one time. When a patient is obese, with a BMI of 40 or more, and of 35 with illnesses like diabetes, joint pain, and abnormal blood cholesterol levels, this surgery is a possibility. This surgery is preferred by those who cannot lose weight with medication. It is also preferred by people who continue to gain weight after drug treatment, and lifestyle improvements.
In general, this type of surgery is regarded as a safe procedure with low mortality and morbidity rates, whose proportions are comparable to those of procedures like laparoscopic gallbladder removal. Gastric bypass surgery carries a 0.4% estimated mortality risk, but a 3.4-5.1% estimated chance of serious postoperative complications. Numerous studies have shown that bariatric surgery is safe, but fewer have examined how it may affect other cardiac risk factors and cardiovascular mortality over the long term.
Rate of Obesity Globally
Here is the rate of obesity on a global basis that is described below:
Today in economically rich countries, such as the United Kingdom, or Australia, there are fewer countries still touched by obesity including Venezuela, Colombia, Egypt, and more.
Cost of Bariatric Surgery in major cities of India
The cost of bariatric surgery varies in different cities in India.
Types of Comorbidities Post Bariatric Surgery
Risk factors and lifestyle changes before surgery and 5 years after surgery are shown below. The results indicate a decrease in T2DM prevalence as well as a reduction in the number of patients using antidiabetic drugs at 6 months and 5 years after bariatric surgery.
A clinical trial was performed titled: Five-Year Outcomes in Bariatric Surgery Patients by Nedeljkovic-Arsenovic et.al showing different types of comorbidity rates before surgery and 5 years post-surgery.
This study has demonstrated that there is a huge impact of bariatric surgery on certain cardiovascular outcomes and risk factors in obese patients. A huge significant increase in physical activity was seen, particularly at the 5 years’ time point. A recent meta-analysis has shown that weight loss in obese patients with co-morbidities is associated with improvement in several domains of health, and with increased survival.
Conclusion
Thus, overall from this article, it can be said that weight loss surgery has been very common in recent times. It is further observed that there are 4 types of methods involved to reduce the size of the stomach to reduce the body weight. Generally, it takes about 1-2 days for a patient to be discharged after completion of this weight loss surgery. There is a huge success rate in India with regard to this surgery. The major reason for the bariatric surgery success rate in India is the expertise and proficiency of the doctors and the facilities at the hospitals.