When we hear the word “cancer,” thyroid cancer doesn’t always come to mind. But it should. Why? Because it’s one of the fastest-growing cancers of our time, and women are particularly at risk. Although thyroid cancer in women presents similarly as that in men, women are almost three times more likely to develop thyroid cancer.
That’s a huge deal!
Learning why it occurs, what symptoms to watch for, and how to respond early can be the difference. In this blog post, we will break down everything you need to know about thyroid cancer, especially for women who want to stay on top of their health.
What is Thyroid Cancer?
Let’s start at the beginning. Your thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland found at the base of your neck. It may be tiny, but it plays a mighty role. It assists in regulating your metabolism, energy, and even body temperature.
Now, thyroid cancer occurs when there are abnormal cells that begin growing in this gland. Such cells reproduce uncontrollably and can ultimately spread to other areas of the body if they are not treated in time.
There are a few types of thyroid cancer, including:
- Papillary thyroid cancer: The most frequent type and typically slow-growing.
- Follicular thyroid cancer: Similarly prevalent and commonly curable.
- Medullary thyroid cancer: Less frequent and can be associated with inherited genes.
- Anaplastic thyroid cancer: An uncommon but very aggressive type.
Papillary and follicular thyroid cancers account for almost 95% of all thyroid cancers.
Why is Thyroid Cancer More Prevalent in Women?
Thyroid cancer in women is more prevalent than in men due to the following reasons.
Hormonal Influence
A major reason thyroid cancer appears more in women is hormones. Estrogen, the female hormone, has been associated with thyroid cell growth. At periods of significant hormonal shifts such as during pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause, the thyroid might become more active or stressed.
This hormonal roller coaster could explain why women are at a higher risk. In fact, certain research indicates that estrogen can affect the way thyroid cells develop, making women more prone to mutations that cause cancer.
Thyroid Disorders
Women are also at greater risk of suffering from benign thyroid disorders, e.g., goiters or thyroid nodules. These are mostly harmless, though some nodules have the potential to become malignant in the future. Thus, a thyroid problem calls for frequent check-ups and follow-ups.
Autoimmune Conditions
Let’s discuss Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune condition in which the immune system destroys the thyroid gland. It’s significantly more prevalent in women and may result in inflammation that goes on for a long time. That chronic inflammation? It can, in some cases, result in cellular changes and raise the risk of thyroid cancer.
Risk Factors Specific to Women
While anyone can get thyroid cancer, some risk factors are particularly common among women:
- Family History: If your mom, sister, or grandmother had thyroid issues or thyroid cancer, your chances might be higher.
- Hormonal Cancer History: A personal history of breast cancer or other hormone-driven cancers might increase your risk.
- Radiation Exposure: Women who received radiation therapy during childhood (even for acne treatment) or underwent multiple dental X-rays with improper protection might have a slightly increased risk.
Symptoms of Thyroid Cancer in Women
This is where it gets complicated. Thyroid cancer usually doesn’t develop clear signs in the early stages. Many women only discover it during a routine check-up or while looking in the mirror and spotting something unusual.
Typical warning signs of thyroid cancer in women are:
- A neck lump you can see or feel
- Hoarseness or persistent changes in your voice
- Difficulty swallowing or feeling like there’s something stuck in your throat
- Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
- Pain in the throat or neck region
At times, these symptoms are confused with hormonal imbalance if they happen during menstruation or menopause. That’s why it is important not to ignore symptoms.
How is Thyroid Cancer Diagnosed?
If you experience any unusual symptoms or your physician detects a lump during an examination, they might suggest additional testing. Here’s what that process might look like:
- Physical Exam: Your physician will examine your neck for masses or bumps.
- Ultrasound: This diagnostic test assists in ascertaining whether or not a nodule is solid or cystic.
- Thyroid Scan: A slight amount of radioactive substance is used to assess thyroid function and configuration.
- Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy: This is an important test in which an extremely fine needle is inserted to draw out thyroid cells for laboratory testing.
- Blood Tests: These assist in testing for levels of thyroid hormones (such as T3, T4, and TSH).
Treatment Options for Thyroid Cancer in Women
If you get diagnosed with thyroid cancer, don’t worry. The majority of them are very treatable, particularly when detected early.
Surgery (Thyroidectomy)
Thyroidectomy involves removing part or all of the thyroid gland. Women often wonder how this affects hormone levels and whether they will need lifelong medication. The answer is yes: if your thyroid is removed, you will likely need hormone replacement pills.
Radioactive Iodine Therapy
After surgery, doctors may use radioactive iodine to destroy any remaining cancer cells. It sounds scary, but the procedure is common and usually safe.
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Since the thyroid regulates your metabolism and hormones, you will need thyroid hormone pills to maintain balance after treatment. It’s essential to take them daily and get regular blood work to ensure the dosage is right.
Follow-Up Care
Women need to stay on top of long-term care, especially if they are planning pregnancy or going through menopause. Hormone levels need to stay stable to avoid complications.
Prevention and Monitoring Tips for Women
Though there is no sure way to prevent thyroid cancer, you can reduce your risk and detect it early with a few easy habits:
- Regular Check-Ups: Get regular check-ups especially if you are pregnant, menopausal, or have a family history of thyroid cancer.
- Self-Exams: Stand in front of the mirror, swallow water, and feel for lumps in your neck.
- Consume Iodine-Rich Foods: Iodine is vital to thyroid function. Include seafood, seaweed, eggs, and dairy products in your diet.
- Limit Radiation Exposure: Always wear a lead shield when having X-rays and ask questions to your healthcare team if you are unsure.
- Stay Active and Eat Well: Regular exercise and a balanced diet support overall health and hormone balance.
Conclusion
Thyroid cancer may be more prevalent in women, but here’s the plus side: It’s also one of the most curable types of cancer when detected early. Knowing your risk factors, being vigilant about symptoms, and getting proactive about taking care of yourself can be the difference maker.
Consult EdhaCare if you or your loved one is looking for thyroid cancer treatment in India. If you are a woman and you have never given much thought to your thyroid, now’s a great time to start. Awareness is your first line of defense.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Is thyroid cancer hereditary in women?
Thyroid cancer can be hereditary in women, particularly medullary thyroid cancer can occur in families. You may be advised to have genetic testing if you have a close family history of thyroid cancer.
What is the first stage of thyroid cancer?
The first stage of thyroid cancer is typically characterized as localized, where the cancer has not spread beyond the thyroid gland.
What are the symptoms of thyroid cancer in females?
Symptoms of thyroid cancer in women may include a lump in the neck, difficulty swallowing, and changes in voice.
Can women lead normal lives after thyroidectomy?
Yes. With hormone replacement therapy and follow-ups, most women have normal, healthy lives after thyroid surgery.
Can thyroid cancer affect pregnancy?
Yes. If you are diagnosed before or during pregnancy, your doctor will tailor treatment carefully. Most women can still have a healthy pregnancy with proper care.