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A heart transplant is surgery to remove the diseased heart from a person and replace it with a healthy one from an organ donor to improve your quality of life and increase your lifespan. A Heart transplant is typically reserved for people that have tried medications or other surgeries, but their conditions haven't sufficiently improved.
This procedure involves transplanting a functioning heart from an 'organ donor' and implanting it into the patient. The patient's own heart is either removed or replaced with the donor's heart or, in other words, the patient's diseased heart is left in place to support the donor's heart.
When all other cardiac treatments have failed and a person's life is in danger due to their heart's ineffectiveness, your doctor may propose heart transplant surgery. The following are some of the most common reasons for recommending a heart transplant
Cardiomyopathy occurs when the heart's walls are stretched, thickened, or rigid.
Congenital heart disease occurs when the heart is born with abnormalities.
Coronary heart disease occurs when fatty substances build up in the arteries that supply the heart, obstructing or interrupting blood flow.
Before deciding on a heart transplant, your doctor may advise you to try medications, placing pacemakers, or one of the numerous novel surgical procedures available. If all of this doesn't work, a transplant is the last resort. The following factors will be investigated by the surgeons before the transplant:
Before the medical procedure is performed, your surgeon will initially check whether you are an appropriate possibility for a transplant or not. Or then again on the off chance that you need a new heart? If indeed, he will prescribe you some additional tests to decide whether you can deal with the physical stress of the medical procedure and recovery of a heart transplant. Another significant step to investigate pre-medical procedure is looking for the appropriate donor for you. If the donor's heart becomes available, tests are conducted to determine whether the donor and the receiver are a good match and whether there is a risk of rejection.
At that point, the donor will likewise go through an evaluation to decide whether he/she has the intellectual ability to tolerate the transplant procedure and manage with an extensive drug regimen after the medical procedure.
Before any medical operation, your surgeon will ask you to undergo the following tests such as-
The procedure for a heart transplant begins with the patient being given general anaesthesia, which is usually administered by an anesthesiologist. The treatment begins by making an incision in the centre of the chest, cutting through both the skin and bone of the chest to expose the heart after the patient has been given anaesthesia and has fallen unconscious.
In most situations, two surgeons operate together to make the transplant process go more quickly and smoothly. The patient is then placed on a heart-lung bypass machine to keep blood flowing throughout the body.
Because the heart quits working, the surgeon takes it from the body and replaces it with the donor's heart, which is then sewed into place. The breastbone is re-joined and the skin on it is stitched back together using staples, steristrips, or sutures after the heart starts pumping and the final process is completed.
The new heart begins to beat regularly nearly immediately after being implanted into the patient's body. A few tubes are introduced to drain blood, air, and fluid from the area around the heart, which also aids in the full re-expansion of the lungs. The patient is then transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) to heal and gradually wake up from sedation over the next day or two.
It takes several months to recuperate from a heart transplant surgery, and cardiac rehabilitation may be required. The patient is maintained under close surveillance for around 1 to 2 weeks after receiving a heart transplant.
The majority of patients can leave the hospital after a few weeks of surgery and are advised to return for frequent check-ups and rehabilitation.
Throughout this time, the patient is monitored with frequent biopsies to ensure that the heart is not rejecting the body. In addition, the patient recommended that following discharge, he or she takes care of his or her health.
Patients are given immunosuppressive medications to prevent rejection. The patient may resume many of their typical activities within nearly six weeks of surgery and reach the end of their treatment.
Heart transplantation is one of the most difficult and major surgery, and it comes with several risks and problems. In some situations, for example, the patient'sss body may reject the new heart. Immunosuppressants are used to prevent the immune system from mistaking the heart for a foreign body and attacking it. There are other dangers to consider, such as -