Balloon mitral valvuloplasty is a catheter-based procedure that utilises a specially designed balloon to widen the narrowed mitral valve. This valve, located between the left atrium and left ventricle, regulates blood flow from the lungs to the rest of the body. When the mitral valve becomes narrowed or stenosed, it hinders the efficient flow of blood, leading to symptoms and complications.

1. Anesthesia and Catheter Insertion: Balloon mitral valvuloplasty is typically performed under local anaesthesia with sedation or general anaesthesia. A catheter is inserted into a blood vessel in the groyne and guided to the heart, where the mitral valve is located.

2. Balloon Placement and Inflation: Once the catheter reaches the mitral valve, a deflated balloon with a specially designed balloon-tip is positioned across the narrowed valve. The balloon is then inflated, exerting pressure on the valve leaflets and stretching the narrowed area, widening the valve opening.

3. Balloon Deflation and Assessment: After a brief period of inflation, the balloon is deflated, allowing the blood to flow more freely through the newly widened valve. The cardiologist evaluates the results through imaging techniques such as echocardiography to assess the degree of improvement achieved.

4. Post-procedure Monitoring and Recovery: After balloon mitral valvuloplasty, patients are closely monitored in a recovery area. Vital signs are regularly assessed, and any post-procedure complications or discomfort are addressed. Most patients can be discharged within a day or two, depending on their overall condition.

Follow-up Care and Monitoring

Following balloon mitral valvuloplasty, patients are advised to undergo regular follow-up appointments with their cardiologist. These visits may include echocardiograms or other imaging tests to assess the valve's function and monitor for any signs of re-narrowing. Additionally, lifestyle modifications and medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms and prevent the progression of mitral valve disease.