Pulmonary artery banding is a surgical technique used to control the flow of blood in the heart and pulmonary artery. It involves the placement of an adjustable band or ring around the pulmonary artery, creating a constriction or narrowing. This narrowing helps regulate blood flow and pressure, allowing for better management of certain congenital heart defects.

1. Anesthesia and Incision: Pulmonary artery banding is performed under general anaesthesia. A small incision is made in the chest to access the heart and the pulmonary artery.

2. Placement of the Band: A band or ring made of a biocompatible material, such as Dacron, is carefully positioned around the pulmonary artery. The band is adjustable and can be tightened or loosened to achieve the desired level of constriction.

3. Monitoring and Adjustment: Once the band is in place, the surgeon carefully monitors the patient's blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and other vital signs to ensure optimal cardiac function. The band may be adjusted during the surgery to achieve the desired balance in blood flow and pressure.

4. Closure and Recovery: After the band is appropriately positioned and tested, the incision is closed using sutures or surgical staples. The patient is then transferred to the recovery room, closely monitored for any complications, and provided with appropriate pain management.

5. Follow-up Care: Regular follow-up appointments are crucial to monitor the patient's progress and assess the effectiveness of the pulmonary artery banding. Adjustments to the band may be made during subsequent visits to ensure optimal blood flow and cardiac function. As the child grows, additional surgeries may be required to remove or adjust the band to accommodate the changing anatomy of the heart.