A breast biopsy is performed when imaging tests, such as mammograms or ultrasounds, detect an abnormality or when a palpable lump or change is found during a physical examination. The purpose of the biopsy is to obtain tissue samples from the suspicious area to determine whether it is cancerous (malignant) or non-cancerous (benign).

1. Imaging Guidance: Breast biopsies can be performed using various imaging techniques to precisely target the suspicious area. These may include mammography-guided biopsy, ultrasound-guided biopsy, or MRI-guided biopsy. The choice of technique depends on the nature and location of the abnormality.

2. Local Anaesthesia: Before the biopsy, local anaesthesia is administered to numb the breast tissue and minimise discomfort during the procedure.

3. Tissue Sample Collection: The healthcare provider uses a specialised needle or surgical instrument to remove a small sample of tissue from the suspicious area. The method used may be fine-needle aspiration biopsy, core needle biopsy, vacuum-assisted biopsy, or surgical biopsy, depending on the specific circumstances.

4. Pathology Analysis: The tissue sample is sent to a pathology laboratory for analysis by a pathologist. The pathologist examines the sample under a microscope and performs additional tests, such as immunohistochemistry or genetic testing, to determine the presence of cancer or other breast conditions.

5. Post-Biopsy Care: After the biopsy, the patient may experience mild bruising or soreness, which can be relieved with over-the-counter pain medication. The healthcare provider will provide specific instructions for post-biopsy care and discuss the timeline for receiving the biopsy results.