Bariatric Surgery

By altering the digestive tract, bariatric surgery refers to surgical techniques that help patients lose weight. Gastric bypass and other weight loss surgeries, as well as other procedures, can all be referred to as "bariatric surgery."

Benefits of Bariatric Surgery:

• Significant Weight Loss: Bariatric surgery helps people lose a large amount of weight, which can make everyday activities easier and more enjoyable.
• Improved Health Conditions: It can help improve or even resolve health issues linked to obesity, like diabetes, high blood pressure, sleep apnea, and heart disease.
• Better Quality of Life: Many people find they have more energy, feel better overall, and can participate in activities they previously couldn’t.
• Increased Lifespan: Losing weight and improving health conditions can lead to a longer, healthier life.

Risks of Bariatric Surgery:

• Surgical Complications: As with any surgery, there’s a risk of bleeding, infection, and blood clots.
• Nutrient Deficiency: Some types of bariatric surgery reduce the body’s ability to absorb nutrients, which can lead to deficiencies in vitamins and minerals. Regular supplements are often needed.
• Digestive Issues: After surgery, people may experience nausea, vomiting, and discomfort when eating too much or eating certain foods.
• Risk of Regaining Weight: Without lifestyle changes, there’s a chance of regaining weight over time. Surgery is a tool, not a quick fix.
• Emotional Adjustment: Major changes in weight and lifestyle can be challenging emotionally, and support is sometimes needed to adjust.

Before Bariatric Surgery:

1. Initial Assessment: The patient will have consultations with doctors, dietitians, and sometimes a mental health professional to ensure surgery is a good option for them.
2. Medical Tests: Expect tests like blood work, heart and lung evaluations, and sometimes an endoscopy (to look inside the stomach).
3. Pre-Surgery Diet: Most people need to follow a special diet for a few weeks before surgery to reduce the size of the liver, which makes surgery easier and safer.
4. Stop Certain Medication: Doctor will advise which medications to avoid before surgery.
5. Quit Smoking (if applicable): Patients need to quit as smoking can increase the risk of complications.

During Bariatric Surgery:

1. Anesthesia: A patient should be given general anesthesia to make sure they’re asleep and comfortable during surgery.
2. Small Incisions: The surgeon makes a few small cuts in your abdomen to insert surgical tools and a small camera, known as a laparoscope, for guidance.
3. Performing the Surgery: The specific procedure depends on the type of bariatric surgery:
   • Gastric Bypass: The surgeon creates a small pouch in the stomach and connects it to the small intestine.
   • Sleeve Gastrectomy: A large portion of the stomach is removed, leaving a smaller, sleeve-shaped stomach.
   • Gastric Banding: An adjustable band is placed around the upper part of the stomach to create a small pouch.
4. Closing the Incisions: The surgeon removes the tools and closes the incisions with stitches or staples. The whole surgery usually takes 1–3 hours.

After Bariatric Surgery:

1. Hospital Recovery: The patient would stay in the hospital for a few days to monitor their recovery and manage any pain.
2. Diet Stages: Right after bariatric surgery, patients start with a liquid diet, then move to pureed foods, and finally soft foods before resuming regular foods. This gradual progression helps patients stomachs heal.
3. Vitamin Supplements: Since some types of bariatric surgery reduce nutrient absorption, you may need to take vitamins and minerals daily.
4. Follow-Up Appointments: Regular check-ups with your doctor and dietitian will monitor your progress, check for complications, and provide guidance.
5. Adjusting to a New Lifestyle: The patient will be encouraged to make healthy eating choices, exercise, and get any necessary emotional support to help with the adjustments and to maintain weight loss.